入坑之旅--Nginx安装

1 [root@nginx ~]# ll /opt/
2 total 1022
3 dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 2048 Dec 9 2015 centos
4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1043748 Jun 3 08:00 nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz
5 [root@nginx ~]# cd /opt/

在你当前路径下解压tar包

1 [root@nginx opt]# tar -xzvf nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz
2 
3 [root@nginx opt]# ll 
4 total 1026
5 dr-xr-xr-x. 8 root root 2048 Dec 9 2015 centos
6 drwxr-xr-x. 8 1001 1001 4096 May 26 11:00 nginx-1.19.0
7 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1043748 Jun 3 08:00 nginx-1.19.0.tar.gz

安装依赖软件

因为nginx是基于c开发的，linux需要c环境，安装时必须要有 gcc 和gcc-c++

1 [root@nginx ~] yum install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel zlib-devel zlib pcre-devel -y

进入自己解压的nginx-1.19.0目录下，编译安装

 1 #进入解压的nginx目录在
 2 
 3 [root@nginx opt]# cd nginx-1.19.0
 　 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]#
 4 
 5 #进入nginx-1.19.0目录下，使用默认配置进行编译
 6 
 7 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ./configure
 8 
 9 　　 checking for OS
10 
11 Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 x86_64 checking for C compiler ... found
12 
13 using GNU C compiler
14 
15 gcc version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4) (GCC)
 checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found 
checking for -Wl,-E switch ... found 
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found 
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found 
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found 
checking for gcc builtin 64 bit byteswap ... found 
checking for unistd.h ... found 
checking for inttypes.h ... found 
checking for limits.h ... found 
checking for sys/filio.h ... not found 
checking for sys/param.h ... found 
checking for sys/mount.h ... found 
checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found 
checking for crypt.h ... found 
checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll ... found 
checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found 
checking for EPOLLEXCLUSIVE ... not found 
checking for O_PATH ... found 
checking for sendfile() ... found 
checking for sendfile64() ... found 
checking for sys/prctl.h ... found
 checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found 
checking for prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) ... found 
checking for capabilities ... found 
checking for crypt_r() ... found 
checking for sys/vfs.h ... found 
checking for nobody group ... found 
checking for poll() ... found 
checking for /dev/poll ... not found 
checking for kqueue ... not found 
checking for crypt() ... not found
 checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found 
checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found 
checking for posix_fadvise() ... found 
checking for O_DIRECT ... found 
checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found 
checking for directio() ... not found 
checking for statfs() ... found 
checking for statvfs() ... found 
checking for dlopen() ... not found 
checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found 
checking for sched_yield() ... found 
checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found 
checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found 
checking for SO_REUSEPORT ... found 
checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER ... not found 
checking for SO_BINDANY ... not found 
checking for IP_TRANSPARENT ... found 
checking for IP_BINDANY ... not found 
checking for IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT ... not found 
checking for IP_RECVDSTADDR ... not found 
checking for IP_SENDSRCADDR ... not found 
checking for IP_PKTINFO ... found 
checking for IPV6_RECVPKTINFO ... found 
checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT ... found 
checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE ... found 
checking for TCP_FASTOPEN ... found 
checking for TCP_INFO ... found 
checking for accept4() ... found 
checking for eventfd() ... found
 checking for int size ... 4 bytes 
checking for long size ... 8 bytes 
checking for long long size ... 8 bytes 
checking for void * size ... 8 bytes 
checking for uint32_t ... found 
checking for uint64_t ... found 
checking for sig_atomic_t ... found 
checking for sig_atomic_t size ... 4 bytes 
checking for socklen_t ... found 
checking for in_addr_t ... found 
checking for in_port_t ... found 
checking for rlim_t ... found 
checking for uintptr_t ... uintptr_t found 
checking for system byte ordering ... little endian 
checking for size_t size ... 8 bytes 
checking for off_t size ... 8 bytes 
checking for time_t size ... 8 bytes 
checking for AF_INET6 ... found 
checking for setproctitle() ... not found 
checking for pread() ... found 
checking for pwrite() ... found 
checking for pwritev() ... found 
checking for sys_nerr ... found 
checking for localtime_r() ... found 
checking for clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) ... found
 checking for posix_memalign() ... found 
checking for memalign() ... found 
checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) ... found 
checking for mmap("/dev/zero", MAP_SHARED) ... found 
checking for System V shared memory ... found 
checking for POSIX semaphores ... not found 
checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread ... found 
checking for struct msghdr.msg_control ... found 
checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) ... found 
checking for ioctl(FIONREAD) ... found 
checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff ... found 
checking for struct dirent.d_namlen ... not found 
checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found 
checking for sysconf(SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) ... found 
checking for sysconf(SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_LINESIZE) ... found 
checking for openat(), fstatat() ... found 
checking for getaddrinfo() ... found 
checking for PCRE library ... found 
checking for PCRE JIT support ... found 
checking for zlib library ... found 
creating objs/Makefile
16 
17 Configuration summary
18 
19 using system PCRE library
20 
21 OpenSSL library is not used
22 
23 using system zlib library
24 
25 nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" 
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules" 
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf" 
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" 
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" 
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" 
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" 
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp" 
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp" 
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp" 
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp" 
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
26 
27 #开始编译，安装
28 
29 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# make && make install
30 
31 出现结果，没有中断说明正常安装

Nginx文件安装路径查看

1 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ll /usr/local/
2 bin/ games/ lib/ libexec/ sbin/ src/ 
3 etc/ include/ lib64/ nginx/ share/ 
4 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ll /usr/local/nginx/
5 total 4
6 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 06:45 conf
7 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 38 Jun 11 06:45 html
8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 11 06:45 logs
9 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18 Jun 11 06:45 sbin

创建链接，快速使用Nginx命令

1 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

常用命令

 1 #查看nginx配置文件是否良好
 2 
 3 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# nginx -t 
 4 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
 5 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
 6 
 7 #直接输入nginx开启
 8 
 9 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# nginx
10 
11 #进程查看
12 
13 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# ps -ef | grep nginx
14 root       5817      1  0 07:18 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
15 nobody     5818   5817  0 07:18 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
16 root       5820   3058  0 07:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
17 
18 #重启nginx
19 
20 [root@nginx ~]# nginx -s reload 
21 
22 #停止nginx并查看进程
23 
24 [root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx 
25 root       5876      1  0 07:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
26 nobody     5879   5876  0 07:26 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
27 root       5881   5852  0 07:26 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
28 [root@nginx ~]# nginx -s stop 
29 [root@nginx ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx 
30 root       5884   5852  0 07:27 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
31 
32 #端口查看，查看发现80端口开启
33 
34 #注，nginx默认端口80端口
35 
36 [root@nginx nginx-1.19.0]# netstat -ntpl 
37 Active Internet connections (only servers)
38 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
39 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5817/nginx: master  
40 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1404/sshd           
41 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1847/master         
42 tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1404/sshd           
43 tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1847/master

目录解析

 1 ├── conf                       这是nginx所有配置文件的目录
 2      │  ├── fastcgi.conf                   fastcgi 相关参数的配置文件
 3         │  ├── fastcgi.conf.default             fastcgi.conf 的原始备份
 4         │  ├── fastcgi_params                fastcgi的参数文件
 5         │  ├── fastcgi_params.default
 6         │  ├── koi-utf
 7         │  ├── koi-win
 8         │  ├── mime.types                  媒体类型
 9         │  ├── mime.types.default
10         │  ├── nginx.conf                  nginx默认的主配置文件
11         │  ├── nginx.conf.default
12         │  ├── scgi_params                scgi 相关参数文件
13         │  ├── scgi_params.default
14         │  ├── uwsgi_params              uwsgi相关参数文件
15         │  ├── uwsgi_params.default
16         │  └── win-utf
17         ├── fastcgi_temp                 fastcgi临时数据目录
18         ├── html                       这是编译安装时nginx的默认站点目录，类似
19             Apache的默认站点htdocs 
20         │  ├── 50x.html                 错误页面优雅替代显示文件，例如：出现502错误时会调
21 用此页面error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html
22         │  └── index.html                默认的首页文件，
23 index.htmlindex.aspindex.jsp来做网站的首页文件
24         ├── logs                       nginx默认的日志路径，包括错误日志及访问日志
25         │  ├── access.log                nginx的默认访问日志文件，使用tail -f
26 access.log,可以实时观看网站的用户访问情况信息
27         │  ├── error.log                 nginx的错误日志文件，如果nginx出现启动故障可以
28 查看此文件
29         │  └── nginx.pid                nginx的pid文件，nginx进程启动后，会把所有进程的
30 ID号写到此文件
31         ├── nginx-1.6.3 -> /application/nginx-1.6.3
32         ├── proxy_temp                临时目录
33         ├── sbin                      这是nginx命令的目录，如nginx的启动命令nginx
34         │  ├── nginx                  Nginx的启动命令nginx

最终结果查看

浏览器里，输入你nginx服务器的ip地址直接访问，查看成功没有,比如：x.x.x.x