Docker系列-3.Docker生命周期、基础操作

Docker容器生命周期

docker create触发create事件，容器进入stopped状态；
docker rm触发destory事件使容器完成从stopped->deleted状态迁移；
docker start 触发start事件使容器完成从stopped->running状态；
docker run触发create事件经过stopped，触发start事件后进入running状态
docker kill 使容器完成从running->stopped状态迁移。docker kill先后触发的die和kill事件，然后会kill掉当前容器中的进程，
docker stop使容器完成从running->stopped状态迁移。docker stop先后触发的die和stop事件，并不会杀掉当前容器的进程。
docker restart使容器完成从running->running状态迁移。先后触发了die、start、restart事件；
docker paused使容器完成从running->paused状态迁移。触发了pause事件；
docker unpause使容器完成从paused->running状态迁移。触发了unpause事件；

容器操作

1.查看当前所有容器列表

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                   PORTS               NAMES
e40604d8e4cd        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Created                                      focused_kirch
4a10d126524f        ubuntu              "bash"                   4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                       brave_goldwasser
8fb045bce0da        hello-world         "/hello"                 4 hours ago         Exited (0) 4 hours ago                       flamboyant_lichterman

2.创建容器

如果本地没有容器的镜像文件，那么会先拉取一个容器的镜像文件

[root@localhost ~]# docker create httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
6ec8c9369e08: Already exists 
819d6e0b29e7: Pull complete 
6a237d0d4aa4: Pull complete 
cd9a987eec32: Pull complete 
fdec8f3f8485: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2a9ae199b5efc3e818cdb41c790638fc043ffe1aba6bc61ada28ab6356d044c6
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
b0629eeb59a60b06bba619fa17dff66270cdbe85302920a7684a3683fe020e48

[root@localhost ~]# docker create nginx
e40604d8e4cd4d8fd2d91956146bfe5e00d9de6506c48ef9facc2f67d6420dc8

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                   PORTS               NAMES
b0629eeb59a6        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       2 minutes ago       Created                                      priceless_haibt
e40604d8e4cd        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Created                                      focused_kirch
4a10d126524f        ubuntu              "bash"                   5 hours ago         Exited (0) 5 hours ago                       brave_goldwasser
8fb045bce0da        hello-world         "/hello"                 5 hours ago         Exited (0) 5 hours ago                       flamboyant_lichterman

3.运行容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker start b0629eeb59a6
b0629eeb59a6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                   PORTS               NAMES
b0629eeb59a6        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       12 minutes ago      Up 7 seconds             80/tcp              priceless_haibt

4.停止容器

处于running状态的容器可以通过docker stop或docker kill来停止容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop b0629eeb59a6
b0629eeb59a6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
b0629eeb59a6        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       37 minutes ago      Exited (0) 2 seconds ago                       priceless_haibt

[root@localhost ~]# docker kill b0629eeb59a6
b0629eeb59a6
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
b0629eeb59a6        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       40 minutes ago      Exited (137) 4 seconds ago                       priceless_haibt

5.删除容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm b0629eeb59a6
b1666dbdc44e
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE        COMMAND    CREATED          STATUS              NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

6.连接容器

使用docker attach/exec都可以进入容器，但是使用docker attach连接后exit会直接退出容器，而docker exec 并不会

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4a10d126524f        ubuntu              "bash"              6 hours ago         Up 9 seconds                            brave_goldwasser

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 4a10d126524f
root@4a10d126524f:/# top

root@4a10d126524f:/# exit
exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
d0058bbeea30        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       sharp_hoover
e40604d8e4cd        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 hours ago         Created                                        focused_kirch
4a10d126524f        ubuntu              "bash"                   7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 seconds ago                       brave_goldwasser
8fb045bce0da        hello-world         "/hello"                 7 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 hours ago                         flamboyant_lichterman

##使用Ctrl+p Ctrl+q正常断开容器连接

7.导出/导入容器

##导出容器
docker export <CONTAINER ID > > my_container.tar
##导入容器
cat my_container.tar |docker import - image_name:tag

镜像操作

1.搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search redis
NAME                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
redis                            Redis is an open source key-value store that…   8435                [OK]                
bitnami/redis                    Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      156                                     [OK]
sameersbn/redis                                                                  80                                      [OK]
grokzen/redis-cluster            Redis cluster 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0           70

2.拉取镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
6ec8c9369e08: Already exists 
efe6cceb88f8: Pull complete 
cdb6bd1ce7c5: Pull complete 
9d80498f79fe: Pull complete 
b7cd40c9247b: Pull complete 
96403647fb55: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d86d6739fab2eaf590cfa51eccf1e9779677bd2502894579bcf3f80cb37b18d4
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest

3.列出镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              1e4467b07108        3 days ago          73.9MB
httpd               latest              9d2a0c6e5b57        5 days ago          166MB
nginx               latest              8cf1bfb43ff5        5 days ago          132MB
redis               latest              50541622f4f1        5 days ago          104MB
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        6 months ago        13.3kB

4.删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi redis
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:d86d6739fab2eaf590cfa51eccf1e9779677bd2502894579bcf3f80cb37b18d4
Deleted: sha256:50541622f4f179450f4acec7d16964499525932a81263eafb91e699671f58ee4
Deleted: sha256:749ad2917127693e3aa3e4b5862e6918605c4fab8a4c3af783423589f4be4596
Deleted: sha256:605d681500daad3e544ba780a79ab8430ce5532cd12db9eedaadec46acce3dc3
Deleted: sha256:20fef6e1eca972f0a72b972c8341885c8ef614fb07ce2579666f5bc82736c46c
Deleted: sha256:2d394a18c7a0943afd82cb53a050fcb6ad08d6b8ac8d8238a4ec6a7682c1393a
Deleted: sha256:cf0218df82e32588b4a0e24fcb6fcf3c6407544e44e670c49d5deb2f68c7d7eb
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              1e4467b07108        3 days ago          73.9MB
httpd               latest              9d2a0c6e5b57        5 days ago          166MB
nginx               latest              8cf1bfb43ff5        5 days ago          132MB
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        6 months ago        13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]#

5.导出/导入镜像

##导出镜像
docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:latest

##导入镜像
docker load -i nginx.tar