RedHat搭建IPA-Server

ipa-server是红帽身份验证的一个完整解决方案，上游的开源项目是freeIPA，它本身不提供具体功能，而是整合了389-ds、ipa-server-dns、krb5-server等核心软件包，形成一个以389-ds（ldap）为数据存储后端，krb5-server为验证前端，ipa-server-dns为主机识别，apache+tomcat提供的一个web管理界面，统一的命令行管理界面的身份识别系统。

存储的是主机名（域名）、IP地址、用户名、密码等，以读为主，因此非常适合ldap的特性。

验证服务: Kerberos KDC
存储服务: Red Hat Directory Server
证书系统: Red Hat Certificate System
域名解析服务: DNS
安全管理服务: SSSD
时间同步服务: NTP

Servers Servers manage all of the services used by domain members.

Replicas Replica are copies of servers. Once a replica is installed, it is functionally identical to a server.

Clients Clients, which belong to the Kerberos domains, receive certificates and tickets issued by the servers, and use other centralized services for authentication and authorization.

IPA Server和Replica

IPA Client

相关服务端口

Service       Ports      Type
HTTP/HTTPS    80, 443    TCP
LDAP/LDAPS    389, 636   TCP
Kerberos      88, 464    TCP and UDP
DNS           53         TCP and UDP
NTP           123        UDP

环境概览

角色主机名 IP地址网关 DNS
IPA-Server ipa.example.com 192.168.136.251/24 192.168.136.2 192.168.136.2
IPA-Replica replica.example.com 192.268.136.252/24 192.168.136.2 192.168.136.251 192.168.136.2
IPA-Client client1.example.com 192.168.136.100/24 192.168.136.2 192.168.136.251 192.168.136.252 192.168.136.2

IPA-Server

设置机器名

# hostnamectl set-hostname ipa.example.com

开放防火墙端口

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={80/tcp,443/tcp,389/tcp,636/tcp,88/tcp,464/tcp,53/tcp,88/udp,464/udp,53/udp,123/udp}

# firewall-cmd --reload

安装软件包

# yum install ipa-server ipa-server-dns

ipa-server-install参数

--hostname=host name
-r realm_name
-n domain_name
--subject=subject_DN
-a ipa_admin_password
-p directory_manager_password
-P kerberos_master_password
--idmax=number
--idstart=number
--ip-address
--setup-dns
--forwarder=forwarder
--no-forwarders
--no-reverse

安装IPA Server

# ipa-server-install --hostname ipa.example.com --ip-address=192.168.136.251

--setup-dns --forwarder=192.168.136.2

-r EXAMPLE.COM -n EXAMPLE.COM

-p DM_password -a admin_password

注：

DM_password 是kerberos的管理员密码

admin_password 是389-ds的管理员密码

This program will set up the IPA Server.

This includes:
  * Configure a stand-alone CA (dogtag) for certificate management
  * Configure the Network Time Daemon (ntpd)
  * Create and configure an instance of Directory Server
  * Create and configure a Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC)
  * Configure Apache (httpd)
  * Configure DNS (bind)

卸载IPA Server

# ipa-server-install --uninstall

IPA-Replica

设置机器名

# hostnamectl set-hostname replica.example.com

开放防火墙端口

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={80/tcp,443/tcp,389/tcp,636/tcp,88/tcp,464/tcp,53/tcp,88/udp,464/udp,53/udp,123/udp}

# firewall-cmd --reload

安装软件包

# yum install ipa-server ipa-server-dns

生成gpg文件

在IPA Server上运行

# ipa-replica-prepare replica.example.com --ip-address 192.168.136.252
# scp /var/lib/ipa/replica-info-replica.example.com.gpg root@replica:/var/lib/ipa/

安装IPA Replica

# ipa-replica-install /var/lib/ipa/replica-info-replica.example.com.gpg
--setup-dns --forwarder 192.168.136.2
-p DM_password -w admin_password

测试IPA Replica

# ipa user-add test_user --first=Test --last=User
# ipa user-show test_user

卸载IPA Replica

# ipa-replica-manage del replica.example.com
# ipa-server-install --uninstall

IPA-Client

设置机器名

# hostnamectl set-hostname client1.example.com

开放防火墙端口

# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={80/tcp,443/tcp,389/tcp,636/tcp,88/tcp,464/tcp,53/tcp,88/udp,464/udp,53/udp,123/udp}

# firewall-cmd --reload

安装软件包

# yum install ipa-client

安装IPA Client

# ipa-client-install --enable-dns-updates --domain EXAMPLE.COM --mkhomedir --no-ntp -p admin

IPA 管理

服务管理

# ipactl start|stop|restart|status （IPA服务启动，停止，重启，状态）

用户管理

添加用户
# ipa user-add jsmith
修改用户
# ipa user-mod jsmith --title="Editor III"
删除用户
# ipa user-del jsmith
查找用户
# ipa user-find smith

RedHat搭建IPA-Server

IPA-Server

IPA-Replica

IPA-Client

IPA 管理