WCF元数据公布的2种方式：httpGetEnabled与mex

WCF元数据发布的2种方式：httpGetEnabled与mex
一、元数据即WSDL，描述了服务的细节，以便客户端使用。

二、必须为服务配置ServiceMetadata行为，才能为其生成WSDL，才能再使用httpGetEnabled或mex将其公布出去

三、这两种方式公布出去的WSDL无区别。但公布的方式有区别
1、httpGetEnabled=true，类似的还有httpsGetEnabled=true
此方式通过在服务在的URL后加“?wsdl”的方式公布WSDL，可直接通过HTTP访问得到。

2、mex
此方式以一般的终结点方式公布，支持各种协议：http、tcp、NamedPipe

告别烦恼的config配置

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<configuration>
  <appSettings>
    <add key ="baseurl" value="http://localhost:19200/HomeService"/>
    <add key ="endpoindurl" value="net.tcp://localhost:1920/HomeService"/>
  </appSettings>

服务端

class Program1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HomeService), new Uri(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["baseurl"]));

            host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IHomeService), new NetTcpBinding(), ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["endpoindurl"]);

            //公布元数据
            host.Description.Behaviors.Add(new ServiceMetadataBehavior() { HttpGetEnabled = true });
            host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IMetadataExchange), MetadataExchangeBindings.CreateMexHttpBinding(), "mex");

            host.Open();

            Console.WriteLine("服务已经开启。。。");

            Console.Read();
        }
    }

客户端

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ChannelFactory<IHomeService> factory = new ChannelFactory<IHomeService>(new NetTcpBinding(), "net.tcp://localhost:1920/homeservice");

            var channel = factory.CreateChannel();

            var result = channel.GetLength("12345");
        }

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WebGet和WebInvoke正是用了UriTemplate，才具有了路由转向的功能，还有就是默认返回的是xml，这里就用json值作为服务返回的格式

[ServiceContract]
    public interface IHomeService
    {
        [OperationContract]
        [WebGet(UriTemplate = "Get/{id}", RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json, ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        Student Get(string id);

        [OperationContract]
        [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", UriTemplate = "Add", RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json,
                   ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Json)]
        string Add(Student stu);
    }

View Code

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>

  <system.diagnostics>
    <sources>
      <source name="System.ServiceModel" switchValue="ActivityTracing">
        <listeners>
          <add name="mylisteners" type="System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener" initializeData="E:1.txt" />
        </listeners>
      </source>
      <source name="System.ServiceModel.MessageLogging" switchValue="ActivityTracing">
        <listeners>
          <add name="messagelogging" type="System.Diagnostics.XmlWriterTraceListener" initializeData="E:2.txt"/>
        </listeners>
      </source>
    </sources>
    <trace autoflush="true"/>
  </system.diagnostics>

  <system.serviceModel>

    <diagnostics>
      <messageLogging logEntireMessage="true" logMalformedMessages="true"  logMessagesAtTransportLevel="true" />
    </diagnostics>

    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior>
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
      <endpointBehaviors>
        <behavior name="webbehavior">
          <webHttp />
        </behavior>
      </endpointBehaviors>
    </behaviors>

    <services>
      <service name="MyService.HomeService">
        <endpoint address="HomeService" binding="webHttpBinding" behaviorConfiguration="webbehavior"
          contract="MyService.IHomeService">
          <identity>
            <dns value="localhost" />
          </identity>
        </endpoint>
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:1920" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>

  </system.serviceModel>

</configuration>

View Code

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自定义FaultException

public class HomeService : IHomeService
    {
        public Student Get(string id)
        {
            try
            {
                //这里必然会抛出异常。。。
                var result = Convert.ToInt32(id) / Convert.ToInt32("0");

                return new Student() { ID = Convert.ToInt32(id), Name = "hxc", SNS = "001" };
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                var reason = new FaultReason("你这个战斗力只有五的渣渣。。。 这么简单的错误都出来了，搞个鸡巴毛");

                var code = new FaultCode("500");

                var faultException = new FaultException(reason, code, "是Get这个王八蛋");

                throw faultException;
            }
        }
    }

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数据传输量,传输量不能大于64k，否则请求就会在client端拒绝

 <bindings>
      <netTcpBinding>
        <binding name="MySessionBinding" maxReceivedMessageSize="2147483647"/>
      </netTcpBinding>
    </bindings>

使用MaxBufferSize 和 MaxBufferPoolSize，就是用来增加缓冲区和缓冲池的大小。

当并发数达到800左右的时候，servcie端就开始拒绝client端过来的请求了，并且之后的1min的时间里，client端开始出现超时异常，在wcf里面有一个叫做ServiceThrottlingElement绑定元素，它就是用来控制服务端的并发数。

<system.serviceModel>
    <behaviors >
      <serviceBehaviors >
        <behavior name="nettcpBehavior">
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="false" />
          <!--是否在错误中包含有关异常的详细信息-->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="True" />
          <serviceThrottling maxConcurrentCalls="2147483647" maxConcurrentInstances="2147483647" maxConcurrentSessions="2147483647" />
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>

    <bindings>
      <netTcpBinding>
        <binding name="MySessionBinding" />
      </netTcpBinding>
    </bindings>

    <services>
      <service behaviorConfiguration="nettcpBehavior" name="MyService.HomeService">
        <endpoint address="net.tcp://127.0.0.1:19200/HomeService" binding="netTcpBinding"
          bindingConfiguration="MySessionBinding" contract="MyService.IHomeService" />
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:1920" />
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>

  </system.serviceModel>

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其实Binding就是一个预先默认配置好的信道栈，每一种Binding都有属于自己的BindingElements，

恰恰这些Elements是可以跨Binding的，也就是说可以自由组合Elements，这样可以最大的灵活性，例如：

BasicHttpBinding有两个绑定元素，其中对soap消息进行的是TextMessageEncoding编码对吧，而netTcpBinding对soap进行的BinaryMessageEncoding。

自定义绑定：

class Program1
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(HomeService), new Uri("http://192.168.1.105:1920"));

            var customBinding = new CustomBinding();

            customBinding.Elements.Add(new BinaryMessageEncodingBindingElement());
            customBinding.Elements.Add(new HttpTransportBindingElement());

            host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IHomeService), customBinding, "HomeServie");

            host.Description.Behaviors.Add(new ServiceMetadataBehavior() { HttpGetEnabled = true });

            host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IMetadataExchange), MetadataExchangeBindings.CreateMexHttpBinding(), "mex");

            host.Open();

            Console.WriteLine("服务已经开启！！！");

            Console.Read();
        }
    }