leetcode 需要了解的知识点储备

简介

周赛的最好成绩3道题.

常用算法

lower_bound 二分查找 寻找比值小的
upper_bound 二分查找

lower_bound( )和upper_bound( )都是利用二分查找的方法在一个排好序的数组中进行查找的。

在从小到大的排序数组中,

lower_bound( begin,end,num):从数组的begin位置到end-1位置二分查找第一个大于或等于num的数字,找到返回该数字的地址,不存在则返回end。通过返回的地址减去起始地址begin,得到找到数字在数组中的下标。

upper_bound( begin,end,num):从数组的begin位置到end-1位置二分查找第一个大于num的数字,找到返回该数字的地址,不存在则返回end。通过返回的地址减去起始地址begin,得到找到数字在数组中的下标。

在从大到小的排序数组中,重载lower_bound()和upper_bound()

lower_bound( begin,end,num,greater<type>() ):从数组的begin位置到end-1位置二分查找第一个小于或等于num的数字,找到返回该数字的地址,不存在则返回end。通过返回的地址减去起始地址begin,得到找到数字在数组中的下标。

upper_bound( begin,end,num,greater<type>() ):从数组的begin位置到end-1位置二分查找第一个小于num的数字,找到返回该数字的地址,不存在则返回end。通过返回的地址减去起始地址begin,得到找到数字在数组中的下标。

参考链接

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40160605/article/details/80150252

code

可以参考大神的代码准备

#pragma comment(linker, "/stack:200000000")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
//#pragma GCC optimize(3)
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native")
//#pragma GCC target("sse3","sse2","sse")
//#pragma GCC target("avx","sse4","sse4.1","sse4.2","ssse3")
//#pragma GCC target("f16c")
//#pragma GCC optimize("inline","fast-math","unroll-loops","no-stack-protector")
//#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-fwhole-program"
//#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-fcse-skip-blocks"
//#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-funsafe-loop-optimizations"
//#pragma GCC diagnostic error "-std=c++14"
#include "bits/stdc++.h"
#include "ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp"
#include "ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp"

#define PB push_back
#define PF push_front
#define LB lower_bound
#define UB upper_bound
#define fr(x) freopen(x,"r",stdin)
#define fw(x) freopen(x,"w",stdout)
#define REP(x, l, u) for(ll x = l;x<u;x++)
#define RREP(x, l, u) for(ll x = l;x>=u;x--)
#define complete_unique(a) a.erase(unique(begin(a),end(a)),end(a))
#define mst(x, a) memset(x,a,sizeof(x))
#define all(a) begin(a),end(a)
#define rall(a) rbegin(a),rend(a)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define PLL pair<ll,ll>
#define MP make_pair
#define lowbit(x) ((x)&(-(x)))
#define bitcnt(x) (__builtin_popcountll(x))
#define lson (ind<<1)
#define rson (ind<<1|1)
#define se second
#define fi first
#define sz(x) ((int)x.size())
#define EX0 exit(0);

typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef double db;
typedef long double ld;
using namespace __gnu_pbds; //required
using namespace std;
template<typename T> using ordered_set = tree<T, null_type, less<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
typedef vector<ll> VLL;
typedef vector<int> VI;
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;


string to_string(string s) { return '"' + s + '"'; }

string to_string(const char *s) { return to_string((string) s); }

string to_string(bool b) { return (b ? "true" : "false"); }

template<typename A, typename B>
string to_string(pair<A, B> p) { return "(" + to_string(p.first) + ", " + to_string(p.second) + ")"; }

template<typename A>
string to_string(A v) {
    bool first = true;
    string res = "{";
    for(const auto &x : v) {
        if(!first) { res += ", "; }
        first = false;
        res += to_string(x);
    }
    res += "}";
    return res;
}

void debug_out() { cerr << endl; }

template<typename Head, typename... Tail>
void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) {
    cerr << " " << to_string(H);
    debug_out(T...);
}

#ifdef LOCAL
#define dbg(...) cerr << "[" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "]:", debug_out(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define dbg(...) do {} while(0)
#endif

template<typename T, typename S>
inline bool upmin(T &a, const S &b) { return a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0; }

template<typename T, typename S>
inline bool upmax(T &a, const S &b) { return a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0; }


ull twop(ll x) { return 1ULL << x; }

ll MOD(ll a, ll m) {
    a %= m;
    if(a < 0)a += m;
    return a;
}

ll inverse(ll a, ll m) {
    a = MOD(a, m);
    if(a <= 1)return a;
    return MOD((1 - inverse(m, a) * m) / a, m);
}

template<typename T>
T sqr(T x) { return x * x; }

ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {
    a = abs(a), b = abs(b);
    while(b != 0) {
        a %= b;
        swap(a, b);
    }
    return a;
}

ll fast(ll a, ll b, ll mod) {
    a %= mod;
    if(b < 0)a = inverse(a, mod), b = -b;
    ll ans = 1;
    while(b) {
        if(b & 1)ans = ans * a % mod;
        a = a * a % mod;
        b /= 2;
    }
    return ans % mod;
}


class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> longestObstacleCourseAtEachPosition(vector<int> &obstacles) {
        VI a;
        VI v;
        for(auto i:obstacles) {
            auto p = UB(all(v), i);
            a.PB(p - v.begin() + 1);
            if(p == v.end()) {
                v.PB(i);
            } else {
                *p = i;
            }
        }
        return a;
    }
};

#ifdef LOCAL
namespace SOLVE {
    void main() {
        
    }
}
signed main() {
    fr("/Users/zhangqingchuan/Desktop/cp/cp/input.txt");
    fw("/Users/zhangqingchuan/Desktop/cp/cp/output.txt");
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    cout.tie(nullptr);
    int t = 1;
//    cin >> t;
    for(int i = 1; i <= t; i++) {
//        cout<<"Case #"<<i<<": ";
        SOLVE::main();
        
    }

//    clock_t st = clock();
//    while(clock() - st < 3.0 * CLOCKS_PER_SEC){
//
//    }
    return 0;
}

#endif
Hope is a good thing,maybe the best of things,and no good thing ever dies.----------- Andy Dufresne
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/eat-too-much/p/15114574.html