创建通知
php artisan make:notification PrivateMessage
这条命令会在 app/Notifications 目录下生成一个新的通知类PrivateMessage。每个通知类都包含一个 via 方法以及一个或多个消息构建的方法（比如 toMail 或者 toDatabase)，它们会针对指定的渠道把通知转换为对应的消息。
<?php namespace AppNotifications; use IlluminateBusQueueable; use IlluminateContractsQueueShouldQueue; use IlluminateNotificationsMessagesMailMessage; use IlluminateNotificationsNotification; class PrivateMessage extends Notification { use Queueable; /** * Create a new notification instance. * * @return void */ public function __construct() { // } /** * Get the notification's delivery channels. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return array */ public function via($notifiable) { return ['mail']; } /** * Get the mail representation of the notification. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return IlluminateNotificationsMessagesMailMessage */ public function toMail($notifiable) { return (new MailMessage) ->line('The introduction to the notification.') ->action('Notification Action', url('/')) ->line('Thank you for using our application!'); } /** * Get the array representation of the notification. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return array */ public function toArray($notifiable) { return [ // ]; } }
参考 Laravel 5.7 - New Notification System Tutorial for Beginner
可以在PrivateMessage的构造函数中，传入参数值。
修改如下：
<?php namespace AppNotifications; use IlluminateBusQueueable; use IlluminateContractsQueueShouldQueue; use IlluminateNotificationsMessagesMailMessage; use IlluminateNotificationsNotification; class PrivateMessage extends Notification { use Queueable; private $details; /** * Create a new notification instance. * * @return void */ public function __construct($details) { // $this->details = $details; } /** * Get the notification's delivery channels. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return array */ public function via($notifiable) { return ['mail', 'database']; } /** * Get the mail representation of the notification. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return IlluminateNotificationsMessagesMailMessage */ public function toMail($notifiable) { // return (new MailMessage) // ->line('The introduction to the notification.') // ->action('Notification Action', url('/')) // ->line('Thank you for using our application!'); return (new MailMessage) ->greeting($this->details['greeting']) ->line($this->details['body']) ->action($this->details['actionText'], $this->details['actionURL']) ->line($this->details['thanks']); } /** * Get the array representation of the notification. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return array */ public function toArray($notifiable) { return [ // ]; } /** * Get the array representation of the notification. * @param $notifiable * @return array */ public function toDatabase($notifiable) { return [ 'order_id' => $this->details['order_id'] ]; } }
因为需要toDatabase，那么需要建立一张表格来存储通知的数据：
php artisan notifications:table php artisan migrate
自动生成的数据库迁移文件如下：
<?php use IlluminateDatabaseMigrationsMigration; use IlluminateDatabaseSchemaBlueprint; use IlluminateSupportFacadesSchema; class CreateNotificationsTable extends Migration { /** * Run the migrations. * * @return void */ public function up() { Schema::create('notifications', function (Blueprint $table) { $table->uuid('id')->primary(); $table->string('type'); $table->morphs('notifiable'); $table->text('data'); $table->timestamp('read_at')->nullable(); $table->timestamps(); }); } /** * Reverse the migrations. * * @return void */ public function down() { Schema::dropIfExists('notifications'); } }
注意：toArray方法或toDatabase方法中返回的值，会被自动转换为JSON格式然后存储到data字段中。【注意toArray方法和toDatabase方法的区别】
toArray 方法可以同时被 database 和 broadcast 渠道调用，如果你希望 database 和 broacast 两个渠道有不同的数组展现方式，你需要定义 toDatabase 或者 toBroadcast 以取代定义 toArray 方法。
如果需要通过控制器方式触发，可以新建一个控制器然后添加方法，并在route中添加一个路由，访问路由链接触发控制器中该发送通知的方法即可：
控制器：
<?php namespace AppHttpControllers; use IlluminateHttpRequest; use AppUser; use Notification; use AppNotificationsMyFirstNotification; class HomeController extends Controller { /** * Create a new controller instance. * * @return void */ public function __construct() { $this->middleware('auth'); } /** * Show the application dashboard. * * @return IlluminateContractsSupportRenderable */ public function index() { return view('home'); } public function sendNotification() { $user = User::first(); $details = [ 'greeting' => 'Hi Artisan', 'body' => 'This is my first notification from ItSolutionStuff.com', 'thanks' => 'Thank you for using ItSolutionStuff.com tuto!', 'actionText' => 'View My Site', 'actionURL' => url('/'), 'order_id' => 101 ]; Notification::send($user, new MyFirstNotification($details)); dd('done'); } }
Route::get('随便写一个你觉得可以的链接', 'HomeController@index');
比如：Route::get('notify/index', 'HomeController@index');一会访问链接触发Home控制器的index方法就可以了；
因为User模型中实现了IlluminateNotificationsNotifiable 这个trait，所以：
Notification::send($user, new MyFirstNotification($details));
也可以改成：
$user->notify(new MyFirstNotification($details));
如果需要通过其他方式通知，可以修改via方法：
public function via($notifiable)
{
return ['mail', 'database','slack'];
}
并添加对应的方法 toDatabase
/**
* Get the array representation of the notification.
*
* @param mixed $notifiable
* @return array
*/
public function toDatabase($notifiable)
{
return [
'order_id' => $this->details['order_id']
];
}toSlack
public function toSlack($notifiable)
{
$message = "Famous Hello World!";
return (new SlackMessage)
->from('Ghost', ':ghost:')
->to('#channel-name')
->content('Fix service request by '.$message);
}或者：
Slack的可以参考 Laravel Notifications – The Ultimate Guide
/** * Get the Slack representation of the notification. * * @param mixed $notifiable * @return SlackMessage */ public function toSlack($notifiable) { return (new SlackMessage) ->content('Account Registered successfully.'); }
via方法也可以参考 官方文档
public function via($notifiable) { return $notifiable->prefers_sms ? ['nexmo'] : ['mail']; }
而，为什么toMail方法会自动发送到对应的用户的邮箱上，它是如何找到用户的邮箱的 而如果我们要发送的用户的邮箱在数据库的其他字段中的时候，怎么办？
只需要在User类下重写routeNotificationForMail方法即可:
/**
* Route notifications for the mail channel.
*
* @param IlluminateNotificationsNotification $notification
* @return array|string
*/
public function routeNotificationForMail($notification)
{
// Return email address only...
return $this->email_address;
// Return name and email address...
return [$this->email_address => $this->name];
}这样通知系统就找email_address字段的值了。
原理如下图：user实现了notifiable trait，下有RoutesNOtifications trait，其中包含一个routeNotificationFor方法；
更多可以查看：
扒一扒 laravel的消息通知（上）
Laravel 论坛系统之消息通知功能
Laravel + 微信小程序 websocket 搭建广播消息系统