docker环境搭建

参考地址:https://www.imooc.com/article/details/id/25228

操作系统Centos7

1、替换yum源为阿里云yum源;

  

//备份yum源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

//下载阿里yunyum源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

//清除yum缓存
yum clean all

//生成yum缓存
yum makecache

2、安装docker

  查看yum可以安装的docker,命令:yum list |grep docker

  

  执行安装命令:yum install docker

  安装完成之后,查看已经安装的docker,命令:yum list installed |grep docker

可以看出,安装docker需要三个包,见上图

3、添加开机启动

  命令:systemctl enable docker.service

4、启动docker

  命令:systemctl start docker.service

  启动失败,报错信息,查看命令:journalctl -xe,具体错误信息见下图:

此linux的内核中的SELinux不支持 overlay2 graph driver ,解决方法有两个,要么启动一个新内核,要么就在docker里禁用selinux,--selinux-enabled=false

修改文件,/etc/sysconfig/docker,在--selinux-enabled后面添加=false即可!具体修改见下图


重启docker,命令:systemctl restart docker.service

查看docker信息,命令:docker info
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 1
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 1
Images: 1
Server Version: 1.13.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: false
Logging Driver: journald
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Plugins: 
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: docker-runc runc
Default Runtime: docker-runc
Init Binary: /usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current
containerd version:  (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)
runc version: e9c345b3f906d5dc5e8100b05ce37073a811c74a (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)
init version: 5b117de7f824f3d3825737cf09581645abbe35d4 (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)
Security Options:
 seccomp
  WARNING: You're not using the default seccomp profile
  Profile: /etc/docker/seccomp.json
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
Number of Docker Hooks: 3
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 2.731 GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: NDA4:FMH4:OVC2:HARD:3Q4V:ZWIE:UTJU:YVR3:AFEE:FOBN:54NL:GXGU
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Registries: docker.io (secure)

Hello World

下面,我们通过最简单的 image 文件"hello world",感受一下 Docker。

因为国内连接 Docker 的官方仓库很慢,因此我们在日常使用中会使用Docker 中国加速器。通过 Docker 官方镜像加速,中国区用户能够快速访问最流行的 Docker 镜像。该镜像托管于中国大陆,本地用户现在将会享受到更快的下载速度和更强的稳定性,从而能够更敏捷地开发和交付 Docker 化应用。

Docker 中国官方镜像加速可通过registry.docker-cn.com访问。该镜像库只包含流行的公有镜像,私有镜像仍需要从美国镜像库中拉取。

修改系统中docker对应的配置文件即可,如下:

vi  /etc/docker/daemon.json
#添加后
{    "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"],    "live-restore": true}

也可以替换成网易的镜像地址

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

我们选择用网易的镜像地址。

运行下面的命令,将 image 文件从仓库抓取到本地。

docker pull library/hello-world

上面代码中,docker image pull是抓取 image 文件的命令。library/hello-world是 image 文件在仓库里面的位置,其中library是 image 文件所在的组,hello-world是 image 文件的名字。

抓取成功以后,就可以在本机看到这个 image 文件了。

查看下载的镜像,命令:docker images

[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/hello-world   latest              e38bc07ac18e        7 weeks ago         1.85 kB

运行hello-world镜像,命令:docker run hello-world

[root@localhost docker]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

常用命令

除过以上我们使用的Docker命令外,Docker还有一些其它常用的命令

拉取docker镜像

docker pull image_name

查看宿主机上的镜像,Docker镜像保存在/var/lib/docker目录下:

docker images

删除镜像

docker rmi  docker.io/tomcat:7.0.77-jre7   或者  docker rmi b39c68b7af30

查看当前有哪些容器正在运行

docker ps

查看所有容器

docker ps -a

启动、停止、重启容器命令:

docker start container_name/container_iddocker stop container_name/container_iddocker restart container_name/container_id

后台启动一个容器后,如果想进入到这个容器,可以使用attach命令:

docker attach container_name/container_id

删除容器的命令:

docker rm container_name/container_id

查看当前系统Docker信息

docker info

从Docker hub上下载某个镜像:

docker pull centos:latestdocker pull centos:latest

执行docker pull centos会将Centos这个仓库下面的所有镜像下载到本地repository。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dyh004/p/9115899.html