SpringMVC深入使用
（一）基于XML配置的使用
（1）配置
1.SpringMVC基础配置
2.XML配置Controller，HandlerMapping组件映射
3.XML配置ViewResolver组件映射
（2）步骤
1.在pom.xml中导入jar包
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency>
2.在web.xml中配置前置控制器
<servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3.创建一个MyHandler类，并继承Controller
package handle; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class MyHandle implements Controller { @Override public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { //装载模型数据和逻辑视图 ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView(); //添加模型数据 modelAndView.addObject("name","lili"); //添加逻辑视图 modelAndView.setViewName("index"); return modelAndView; } }
4.创建springmvc.xml，并在springmvc中配置HandlerMapping，Handler和视图解析器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--配置HandlerMapping，将url请求映射到Handler--> <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <!--配置Mapping--> <property name="mappings"> <props> <!--配置test请求对应的Handler--> <prop key="/test">testHandler</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!--配置Handler--> <bean id="testHandler" class="handle.MyHandle"></bean> <!--配置视图解析器--><!--将逻辑视图解析成物理视图--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--配置前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!--配置后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
5.在index.jsp页面上显示
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@page isELIgnored="false" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${name} </body> </html>
（二）基于注解方式的使用
（1）配置
1.SpringMVC基础配置
2. Controller，HandlerMapping通过注解进行映射
3.XML配置ViewResolver组件映射
（2）步骤
1.在pom.xml中导入jar包
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency>
2.在web.xml中配置前置控制器
<servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3.创建一个AnnotationHandler类
package handle; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import java.util.Map; //让容器知道这个类是以控制器存在的 @Controller public class AnnotationHandler { /** * 业务方法1：ModelAndView完成数据的传递，视图的解析 */ @RequestMapping("/ModelAndViewTest") public ModelAndView ModelAndViewTest(){ //创建ModelAndView对象 ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView(); //填充模型数据 modelAndView.addObject("name","Tom"); //设置逻辑视图 modelAndView.setViewName("index"); return modelAndView; } /** * 业务方法2：Model传值，String进行视图解析 */ @RequestMapping("/ModelTest") public String ModelTest(Model model){ //填充模型数据 model.addAttribute("name","Lulu"); //设置逻辑视图 return "index"; } /** * 业务方法3：Map传值，String进行视图解析 */ @RequestMapping("/MapTest") public String MapTest(Map<String,String> map){ //填充模型数据 map.put("name","Lisa"); //设置逻辑视图 return "index"; } }
4.创建springmvc.xml，并配置包自动扫描和视图解析器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!--将AnnotationHandler自动扫描到IOC容器中--> <context:component-scan base-package="handle"></context:component-scan> <!--配置视图解析器--><!--将逻辑视图解析成物理视图--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--配置前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/"></property> <!--配置后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
5.在index.jsp页面上显示
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <%@page isELIgnored="false" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${name} </body> </html>