POJ_1019 Number Sequence 【递推】

题目:

A single positive integer i is given. Write a program to find the digit located in the position i in the sequence of number groups S1S2...Sk. Each group Sk consists of a sequence of positive integer numbers ranging from 1 to k, written one after another. 
For example, the first 80 digits of the sequence are as follows: 
11212312341234512345612345671234567812345678912345678910123456789101112345678910

Input

The first line of the input file contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10), the number of test cases, followed by one line for each test case. The line for a test case contains the single integer i (1 ≤ i ≤ 2147483647)

Output

There should be one output line per test case containing the digit located in the position i.

Sample Input

2
8
3

Sample Output

2
2

题意分析:

把这些数,根据构造它们的那个数划分成 1; 1,2; 1,2,3;……

然后分析一个数字的位数是怎么确定的,其实,因为数是十进制,可以直接取以10为底的对数+1.

$log_{10}(N)+1$

在写程序的时候,一定要注意N要用double类型。然后我们可以递推求出所有可能的小于MAXN的数,最后一组数就是31268,这个数可以通过写个测试程序测试一下就出来了。

然后就可以确定输入的数字在整个序列中的哪个数字组中,接下来就是确定在这个数字组中的那个数中。

根据序列递增,然后利用求位数的公式,可以直接找到这个数。然后根据N的具体位置,取余取出来即可。

AC代码:

 

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const LL MAXN = 2147483647;
const int Msize = 32000;
LL Sum[Msize], a[Msize];

void getS()
{
    Sum[1] = a[1] = 1;
    int i;
    for(i = 2; i < Msize; i++)
    {
        a[i] = a[i-1] + (int)log10((double)i)+1;
        Sum[i] = Sum[i-1] + a[i];
    }
    return;
}

LL Pow(LL a, LL b)
{
    LL ans = 1;
    while(b)
    {
        if(b&1)
            ans = ans*a;
        b>>=1;
        a = a*a;
    }
    return ans;
}


int main()
{
    getS();
    LL N;
    int T;
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%I64d", &N);
        int i = 1, j, len, pos;
        while(N > Sum[i])
        {
            i++;
        }
        //第N位再i-1所代表的数字区
        pos = N - Sum[i-1];
        len = 0;
        for(j = 1; len < pos ; j++)
        {
            len += (int)log10(j*1.0) + 1;
        }
        //N为在i-1数字区中的第j-1个数中,len为这个数字的最后一位的位置
        int ans = (j-1)/Pow(10, len-pos)%10;
        printf("%d
", ans);

    }
    return 0;
}

 

  

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dybala21/p/9816659.html