数据结构 最小子树问题 (模拟)

Description

已知在以二叉链表存储的二叉树t中,p和q为二叉树中任意输入的两个不同的结点,试编写一个算法,求包含结点p和q的最小子树。

Input

输入样例有多组,每组第一行两个数n,q,分别表示树的结点个数和询问个数。结点编号从1到n。接下来的n–1行按层序输入n-1条边,每一行输入两个数u、v,表示u是v的父亲结点。输入保证是一棵二叉树。再接下来输入q行查询,每行两个不同的整数a,b,表示查询包含ab点的最小子树。 2<= n <= 50000, 1 <= q <= 20000。

Output

对于每个查询,输出最小子树的树根结点编号。

Sample Input

7 5
1 2
1 3
2 4
2 5
3 6
3 7
1 2
2 5
4 5
4 7
1 7

Sample Output

1
2
2
1
1

HINT

Append Code

析:很容易知道,这个最小子树的根结点就是这两个点最近的公共祖先,首先我们先把这个树记录下来,是由子结点指向父结点,然后在找公共祖先时,先用另一个数组,

来记录一个结点的所有祖先,也就是从下向上遍历,然后再用另一个结点也从向下向上遍历,如果发现这个结点已经被访问过,那么就是这个结点,由于树的深度不大了,

应该不会超时。

代码如下:

#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
//#include <tr1/unordered_map>
#define freopenr freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
#define freopenw freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
using namespace std;
//using namespace std :: tr1;
 
typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double inf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const LL LNF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int maxn = 5e4 + 5;
const LL mod = 10000000000007;
const int N = 1e6 + 5;
const int dr[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1};
const int dc[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1};
const int hr[]= {-2, -2, -1, -1, 1, 1, 2, 2};
const int hc[]= {-1, 1, -2, 2, -2, 2, -1, 1};
const char *Hex[] = {"0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111"};
inline LL gcd(LL a, LL b){  return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a%b); }
int n, m;
const int mon[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
const int monn[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
inline int Min(int a, int b){ return a < b ? a : b; }
inline int Max(int a, int b){ return a > b ? a : b; }
inline LL Min(LL a, LL b){ return a < b ? a : b; }
inline LL Max(LL a, LL b){ return a > b ? a : b; }
inline bool is_in(int r, int c){
    return r >= 0 && r < n && c >= 0 && c < m;
 
}
int p[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
 
int solve(int u, int v){
    int x = u;
    vis[u] = true;
    while(p[x] != x){
        vis[x] = true;
        x = p[x];
    }
    vis[x] = true;
    int y = v;
    while(!vis[y]) y = p[y];
    x = u;
    vis[u] = false;
    while(p[x] != x){
        vis[x] = false;
        x = p[x];
    }
    vis[x] = false;
    return y;
}
 
int main(){
    while(scanf("%d %d", &n, &m) == 2){
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)  p[i] = i, vis[i] = false;
        int u, v;
        for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i){
            scanf("%d %d", &u, &v);
            p[v] = u;
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i){
            scanf("%d %d", &u, &v);
            printf("%d
", solve(u, v));
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dwtfukgv/p/5990749.html