Django (一) 基础

创建项目

创建app python manager.py startapp app01

修改、添加url

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import urls as bookurls

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^book/', include(bookurls)),    
]

#待会在app01添加二级URL目录，事先导入 app01 的url 重命名为bookurls，只要访问book的url全部转给app01下目录下的url文件#处理

app01的url

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.index),
]

修改添加views

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    return render(request,"index.html")

#render  渲染 到index.html页面，注意两个参数，一个request，一个字符串
#HttpResponse 返回写的字符串内容

添加模版 index.html

添加 models

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):       
        return "<%s>" %(self.name)


class Author(models.Model):
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return "<%s %s>" %(self.first_name,self.last_name)

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
    publisher_date = models.TimeField()



#以上使用  def __str__(self)的作用
#添加这个是为了，让这个表里的内容显示正常不然显示的是XXXobject

修改settings，在里面添加app01

同步数据库 python manager.py makemigrations python manager.py migrate

修改注册admin

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.

from app01 import models

admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher)
admin.site.register(models.Book)

以上没有定义 template index.html文件访问用的django自带的admin 记得创建用户

python manager.py createsupersuer 　　

基础二：

简单实现后台数据简单的展示到前端

views先定义需要展现的内容

def index(request):
     user_info = [
        {'username':'alex','name':'ALEX LI'},
        {'username':'2alex','name':'2ALEX LI'},
        {'username':'3alex','name':'3ALEX LI'},
        {'username':'4alex','name':'4ALEX LI'},
    ]
     return render(request,"index.html",{"user_obj":user_info})
     # return render(request,"index.html")

编辑index.html文件使用jinjia2模版语言

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ user_obj }}
{#    <form action="">#}
{#        <input><button type="submit">SUB</button>#}
{#    </form>#}
</body>
</html>

数据展现之从数据库读取数据展现到前端【记得修改url 添加 url(r'^booklist', views.book), 】

views

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.

def index(request):
     user_info = [
        {'username':'alex','name':'ALEX LI'},
        {'username':'2alex','name':'2ALEX LI'},
        {'username':'3alex','name':'3ALEX LI'},
        {'username':'4alex','name':'4ALEX LI'},
    ]
     return render(request,"index.html",{"user_obj":user_info})
     # return render(request,"index.html")

def book(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.all()
    if request.method =='POST':
        print(request.POST)
    return render(request,'book.html',{'books':books})

# return render(request,'book.html',{'books':books})这句话是渲染到book页面，把从数据库取出来的值通过jinja2模版传到前端

book

<body>
<ul>
    {% for book in books %}
        <li>{{ book.name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}

</ul>
<form method="post" action="/book/booklist/"> {% csrf_token %}
    book name:<input type="text" name="name">
    <input type="submit" value="创建新书">
</form>
</body>

#如果想在后台展示，必须加 name=“XXX”的字段，不然后头不显示提交的数据

后台会出现提交的内容如下

把提交的内容放入数据库，并在前端展示

def book(request):
    if request.method =='POST':
        bookname = request.POST.get('name')
        print(bookname)
        new_book = models.Book(name=bookname,
                               publisher_id = 1,
                               publisher_date = '11:12:12'

                  )
        new_book.save()
    books = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request,'book.html',{'books':books})

待续......

具体的代码实例参见 https://github.com/mumulizi/day16djangoHomework