WebDriver API——浏览器控制暨如何学习webdriver API

    在测试过程中我们可能需要对浏览器进行控制，大小控制啊，刷新页面啊，前进后退等等，最常用的两个接口是window和Navigation。

    我们最常用的就是这4个，那么你是否感兴趣它们后面是什么，它们是怎么写出来的，我能否通过这几个简单的方法拓展自己思路，而不是等用到了去百度，一起来看下

1.window接口

返回了一些方法来管理当前窗口，那么有哪些呢？我们来看下

interface Window {
    /**
     * Set the size of the current window. This will change the outer window dimension,
     * not just the view port, synonymous to window.resizeTo() in JS.
     *
     * @param targetSize The target size.
     */
    void setSize(Dimension targetSize);

    /**
     * Set the position of the current window. This is relative to the upper left corner of the
     * screen, synonymous to window.moveTo() in JS.
     *
     * @param targetPosition The target position of the window.
     */
    void setPosition(Point targetPosition);

    /**
     * Get the size of the current window. This will return the outer window dimension, not just
     * the view port.
     *
     * @return The current window size.
     */
    Dimension getSize();

    /**
     * Get the position of the current window, relative to the upper left corner of the screen.
     *
     * @return The current window position.
     */
    Point getPosition();

    /**
     * Maximizes the current window if it is not already maximized
     */
    void maximize();
  }

可以看到我们可以对当前窗口进行大小调整，进行位置调整，获取浏览器窗口大小，最大化等等。

2.Navigation接口

可以让driver来访问历史或者访问地址，这个接口可以做什么呢？

interface Navigation {
    /**
     * Move back a single "item" in the browser's history.
     */
    void back();

    /**
     * Move a single "item" forward in the browser's history. Does nothing if we are on the latest
     * page viewed.
     */
    void forward();


    /**
     * Load a new web page in the current browser window. This is done using an HTTP GET operation,
     * and the method will block until the load is complete. This will follow redirects issued
     * either by the server or as a meta-redirect from within the returned HTML. Should a
     * meta-redirect "rest" for any duration of time, it is best to wait until this timeout is over,
     * since should the underlying page change whilst your test is executing the results of future
     * calls against this interface will be against the freshly loaded page.
     * 
     * @param url The URL to load. It is best to use a fully qualified URL
     */
    void to(String url);

    /**
     * Overloaded version of {@link #to(String)} that makes it easy to pass in a URL.
     * 
     * @param url
     */
    void to(URL url);

    /**
     * Refresh the current page
     */
    void refresh();
  }

浏览器的后退，前进，访问url，刷新等操作。

那么我们还看到driver有个manage接口，顾名思义是管理的意思，我们可以看下它到底起到了哪些作用。点进去看下。

有道一下，用来管理你想操作的浏览器菜单，那么我们可以想下浏览器菜单里有什么，历史记录，书签等等等。来看下提供了哪些方法。

  /**
   * An interface for managing stuff you would do in a browser menu
   */
  interface Options {

    /**
     * Add a specific cookie. If the cookie's domain name is left blank, it is assumed that the
     * cookie is meant for the domain of the current document.
     * 
     * @param cookie The cookie to add.
     */
    void addCookie(Cookie cookie);

    /**
     * Delete the named cookie from the current domain. This is equivalent to setting the named
     * cookie's expiry date to some time in the past.
     * 
     * @param name The name of the cookie to delete
     */
    void deleteCookieNamed(String name);

    /**
     * Delete a cookie from the browser's "cookie jar". The domain of the cookie will be ignored.
     * 
     * @param cookie
     */
    void deleteCookie(Cookie cookie);

    /**
     * Delete all the cookies for the current domain.
     */
    void deleteAllCookies();

    /**
     * Get all the cookies for the current domain. This is the equivalent of calling
     * "document.cookie" and parsing the result
     * 
     * @return A Set of cookies for the current domain.
     */
    Set<Cookie> getCookies();

    /**
     * Get a cookie with a given name.
     * 
     * @param name the name of the cookie
     * @return the cookie, or null if no cookie with the given name is present
     */
    Cookie getCookieNamed(String name);

    /**
     * Returns the interface for managing driver timeouts.
     */
    Timeouts timeouts();

    /**
     * Returns the interface for controlling IME engines to generate complex-script input.
     */
    ImeHandler ime();

    /**
     * Returns the interface for managing the current window.
     */
    @Beta
    Window window();

    /**
     * Gets the {@link Logs} interface used to fetch different types of logs.
     *
     * <p>To set the logging preferences {@link LoggingPreferences}.
     *
     * @return A Logs interface.
     */
    @Beta
    Logs logs();
  }

这里面包含了对窗口的操作，对cookie的操作，对页面超时的处理，具体的可以再往里深究，在这里就不一一详述了，为大家提供一个思路。

-----------------------------------------------总结一下------------------------------------------------------

希望看到这篇文章的同学能有所启发，做过开发的同学可能觉得这很简单就是提供了许多接口给咱们调用，那么没有做过开发的同学肯定不会有这样的一个开发思路，点开每个方法，每个参数，每个接口去看下它后台是怎么实现的。那么我希望这部分同学在学习webdriver的时候能多些好奇心，拓展下自己的思维，而不是遇到了一个陌生的问题就去度娘，你比如我想操作浏览器前进，就去百度了怎么控制浏览器前进，那么等你想操作cookie的时候你还是会去百度，如果平时没事点开看下源码，那对于提高学习效率和开拓思维是极好的，，对提高自己的测试开发能力也是极好的。