Java Condition

概述

1.Condition介绍

2.Condition源码分析

3.Condition示例

Condition介绍

在互斥锁ReentrantLock文章中的生产者消费者示例中用到Condition了，分布设置生产者和消费者的Condition，即条件仓库满时，生产者等待，唤醒消费者；条件仓库为空时，消费者等待，唤醒消费者。

Condition的作用是对锁进行更精确的控制。Condition中的await()方法相当于Object的wait()方法，Condition中的sinal()方法相当于Object的notify()方法，Condition中的singalAll()相当于Object的notifyAll()方法。不同的，Object中的wait(),notify(),notifyAll()方法是和synchronized关键字捆绑使用的；而Condition是需要和互斥锁/共享锁捆绑使用的。wait()，notify()方法使用见线程的等待与唤醒。

除此之外，Condition还是对多线程条件进行更精确的控制。比如多个线程对同一块缓冲区操作，对于同一个锁，可以设置多个condition，不同情况下设置不同的锁。

假如多线程读/写同一个缓冲区：当向缓冲区中写入数据之后，唤醒"读线程"；当从缓冲区读出数据之后，唤醒"写线程"；并且当缓冲区满的时候，"写线程"需要等待；当缓冲区为空时，"读线程"需要等待。如果采用Object类中的wait(), notify(), notifyAll()实现该缓冲区，当向缓冲区写入数据之后需要唤醒"读线程"时，不可能通过notify()或notifyAll()明确的指定唤醒"读线程"，而只能通过notifyAll唤醒所有线程(但是notifyAll无法区分唤醒的线程是读线程，还是写线程)。但是，通过Condition，就能明确的指定唤醒读线程。

Condition源码分析

主要分析两个常见的方法

await()

Condition是和Lock捆绑的，Lock实现的AQS，所以看下AQS的await()方法：

 public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
            if (Thread.interrupted())  //线程是否被中断
                throw new InterruptedException();
            Node node = addConditionWaiter(); //将当前线程加入到Condition队列，非AQS队列
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);   //释放锁
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {   //
                LockSupport.park(this); //park/阻塞当前线程
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0) //判断是否被中断
                    break;
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)  //acquireQueued自旋获取锁，并从阻塞队列移除
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
        }

private Node addConditionWaiter() {  //添加当前线程到队列
            Node t = lastWaiter;
            // If lastWaiter is cancelled, clean out.
            if (t != null && t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
                t = lastWaiter;
            }
            Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), Node.CONDITION);
            if (t == null)
                firstWaiter = node;
            else
                t.nextWaiter = node;
            lastWaiter = node;
            return node;
        }

//等待状态说明

/** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */
static final int CANCELLED =  1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */
static final int SIGNAL    = -1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */
static final int CONDITION = -2;
/**
 * waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should
 * unconditionally propagate
 */
static final int PROPAGATE = -3;

signal(),signalAll()

private void doSignal(Node first) {
            do {
                if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null)
                    lastWaiter = null;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
            } while (!transferForSignal(first) &&
                     (first = firstWaiter) != null);
        }

        /**
         * Removes and transfers all nodes.
         * @param first (non-null) the first node on condition queue
         */
        private void doSignalAll(Node first) {
            lastWaiter = firstWaiter = null;
            do {
                Node next = first.nextWaiter;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
                transferForSignal(first);
                first = next;
            } while (first != null);
        }

final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
        /*
         * If cannot change waitStatus, the node has been cancelled.
         */
        if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0)) //CAS设置waitStatus
            return false;

        /*
         * Splice onto queue and try to set waitStatus of predecessor to
         * indicate that thread is (probably) waiting. If cancelled or
         * attempt to set waitStatus fails, wake up to resync (in which
         * case the waitStatus can be transiently and harmlessly wrong).
         */
        Node p = enq(node);
        int ws = p.waitStatus;
        if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))  //CAS设置waitStatus

LockSupport.unpark(node.thread); //唤醒 return true; }

示例

互斥锁ReentrantLock中的生产者消费者例子