剑指Offer-Python(11-15)

11、二进制中1的个数

链接:https://www.nowcoder.com/questionTerminal/8ee967e43c2c4ec193b040ea7fbb10b8?answerType=1&f=discussion
来源:牛客网

如果一个整数不为0,那么这个整数至少有一位是1。如果我们把这个整数减1,那么原来处在整数最右边的1就会变为0,
原来在1后面的所有的0都会变成1(如果最右边的1后面还有0的话)。其余所有位将不会受到影响。

举个例子:一个二进制数1100,从右边数起第三位是处于最右边的一个1。减去1后,第三位变成0,它后面的两位0变成了1,
而前面的1保持不变,因此得到的结果是1011.我们发现减1的结果是把最右边的一个1开始的所有位都取反了。
这个时候如果我们再把原来的整数和减去1之后的结果做与运算,从原来整数最右边一个1那一位开始所有位都会变成0。
如1100&1011=1000.也就是说,把一个整数减去1,再和原整数做与运算,会把该整数最右边一个1变成0.
那么一个整数的二进制有多少个1,就可以进行多少次这样的操作。
class Solution:
    def NumberOf1(self, n):
        count = 0
        if n < 0:
            '''
            对于负数,最高位为1,而负数在计算机是以补码存在的,往右移,符号位不变,符号位1往右移,
            最终可能会出现全1的情况,导致死循环。与0xffffffff相与(成为符数的补码形式),就可以消除负数的影响
            '''
            n = n & 0xffffffff
        while n:
            count = count + 1
            n = n & (n - 1)
        return count


s = Solution()
print(s.NumberOf1(5))
print(bin(5))
print(s.NumberOf1(-5))
print(bin(-5))

12、数值的整数次方

注意负数次方的处理即可

class Solution:
    def Power(self, base, exponent):
        # write code here
        mul = 1
        if exponent == 0:
            return 1
        if base == 0:
            return 0
        else:
            if exponent > 0:
                for i in range(0, exponent):
                    mul = mul * base
                return mul
            else:
                # print("指数为负数")
                for i in range(0, abs(exponent)):
                    mul = mul * base
                # print(mul)
                return 1/mul


s = Solution()
b = 2.1
e = -3
r = s.Power(b, e)
print(r)

13、调整数组顺序使奇数位于偶数前面

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution1:
    # 开辟新数组
    def reOrderArray(self, array):
        # write code here
        rst = []
        for i in array:
            if i % 2 == 1:
                rst.append(i)
        for i in array:
            if i % 2 == 0:
                rst.append(i)
        return rst


class Solution2:
    # 利用冒泡排序相对位置不变
    def reOrderArray(self, array):
        l = len(array)
        flag = True
        while l and flag:
            flag = False
            for i in range(len(array) - 1):
                if array[i] % 2 == 0 and array[i + 1] % 2 == 1:
                    t = array[i]
                    array[i] = array[i + 1]
                    array[i + 1] = t
                    flag = True
            l -= 1
        return array


s = Solution2()
t = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(s.reOrderArray(t))

14、链表中倒数第k个节点

利用快慢节点就可以找到倒数第k个节点

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.val = x
        self.next = None


class Solution:
    def FindKthToTail(self, head, k):
        # write code here
        t = head
        for i in range(k):
            if not t:
                # print("越界")
                return None
            t = t.next
        h = head
        while t:
            t = t.next
            h = h.next
        return h


head = ListNode(1)
t1 = ListNode(2)
head.next = t1
t2 = ListNode(3)
t1.next = t2
t3 = ListNode(4)
t2.next = t3
t4 = ListNode(5)
t3.next = t4
s = Solution()
r = s.FindKthToTail(head, 6)
print(r.val)

15、反转列表

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.val = x
        self.next = None


class Solution:
    # 返回ListNode
    def ReverseList(self, pHead):
        # write code here
        if not pHead or not pHead.next:
            return pHead
        h = pHead
        p = pHead.next
        q = pHead.next.next
        while q:
            p.next = h
            h = p
            p = q
            q = q.next
        p.next = h
        pHead.next = None
        return p


head = ListNode(1)
head.next =None
# t1 = ListNode(2)
# head.next = t1
# t2 = ListNode(3)
# t1.next = t2
# t3 = ListNode(4)
# t2.next = t3
# t4 = ListNode(5)
# t3.next = t4
# t4.next = None
s = Solution()
h = s.ReverseList(head)
print(h.val)
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dong973711/p/12000952.html