CentOS和Ubuntu下安装配置Greenplum数据库集群（包括安装包和源码编译安装）

http://blog.csdn.net/prettyshuang/article/details/50501904

首先说一下，无论是CentOS/RedHat还是Ubuntu都可以按源码方式、安装包方式编译安装。

1.   规划

192.168.4.93（h93）       1个主master  2个主segment、2个镜像segment

192.168.4.94（h94）       1个备master  2个主segment、2个镜像segment

都安装在/home/wslu/gp/gpsql目录。

2.   安装依赖

在h93和h94安装以下依赖：

2.1.  Ubuntu

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. apt-get install -y git-core  
  2. apt-get install -y gcc g++  
  3. apt-get install -y ccache  
  4. apt-get install -y libreadline-dev  
  5. apt-get install -y bison flex  
  6. apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev  
  7. apt-get install -y openssl libssl-dev  
  8. apt-get install -y libpam-dev  
  9. apt-get install -y libcurl4-dev  
  10. apt-get install -y libbz2-dev  
  11. apt-get install -y python-dev  
  12. apt-get install -y ssh  
  13.    
  14. apt-get install -y libcurl4-dev  
  15. Package libcurl4-dev is a virtual package provided by:  
  16. libcurl4-openssl-dev 7.38.0-4+deb8u2  
  17. libcurl4-nss-dev 7.38.0-4+deb8u2  
  18. libcurl4-gnutls-dev 7.38.0-4+deb8u2  
  19.    
  20. apt-get install -y python-pip  
  21.    
  22. pip install lockfile  
  23. pip install paramiko  
  24. pip install setuptools  
  25. pip install epydoc  
  26. pip install psi  
  27. Note: debian8 required pip install --pre psi  

2.2.  Centos

yum源要按照我的总结中的设置。

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. yum install –y git.x86_64  
  2. yum install –y gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64  
  3. yum install –y ccache.x86_64  
  4. yum install readline.x86_64 readline-devel.x86_64  
  5. yum install bison.x86_64 bison-devel.x86_64  
  6. yum install flex.x86_64 flex-devel.x86_64  
  7. yum install zlib.x86_64 zlib-devel.x86_64  
  8. yum install -y openssl.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64  
  9. yum install -y pam.x86_64 pam-devel.x86_64  
  10. yum install –y libcurl.x86_64 libcurl-devel.x86_64  
  11. yum install bzip2-libs.x86_64 bzip2.x86_64 bzip2-devel.x86_64  
  12. yum install libssh2.x86_64 libssh2-devel.x86_64  
  13. yum install python-devel.x86_64  
  14. yum install -y python-pip.noarch  
  15.    
  16. 接着执行：  
  17. pip install lockfile  
  18. pip install paramiko  
  19. pip install setuptools  
  20. pip install epydoc  
  21. pip install psi  
  22. 或者执行：  
  23. yum install python-lockfile.noarch  
  24. yum install python-PSI.x86_64  
  25. yum install python-paramiko.noarch  
  26. yum install python-setuptools.noarch  
  27. yum install epydoc.noarch  

3.   源码安装

3.1.  克隆源码

在h93和h94执行：

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  1. $ mkdir /home/wslu/gp/greenplum  
  2. $ cd /home/wslu/gp/greenplum  
  3. $ git clone https://github.com/greenplum-db/gpdb.  

3.2.  编译安装

在h93和h94执行：

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  1. $ cd /home/wslu/gp/greenplum  
  2. $ CFLAGS+="-O2" ./configure--prefix=/home/wslu/gp/gpsql --enable-debug --enable-depend --enable-cassert  
  3. $ make  
  4. $ make install  

安装时如果遇到某些python包(lockfile、 paramiko、PSI等)找不到，可以参考HAWQ， (源码https://github.com/apache/incubator-hawq)<hawq_src>/tools/bin/pythonSrc/ 下所有的压缩包拷贝到/home/wslu/gp/greenplum/gpMgmt/bin/pythonSrc/ext/ 中，然后再make install即可。

至此集群源码编译完成。

4.   安装包安装

下载greenplum-db-4.3.6.1-build-2-RHEL5-x86_64.zip

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  1. $ unzip greenplum-db-4.3.6.1-build-2-RHEL5-x86_64.zip  

在h93和h94使用普通用户安装：

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  1. $./greenplum-db-4.3.6.1-build-2-RHEL5-x86_64.bin   

安装到 /home/wslu/gp/gpsql

5.   设置操作系统参数

在h93和h94执行下述设置：

5.1.  系统级参数配置

以下配置需要在root下进行配置，所以需要能够得到root权限。

首先是防火墙的设置：

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  1. service iptables status    #查看是否开启了防火墙  
  2. service iptables stop       #关闭防火墙  
  3. chkconfig iptables off      #设置开机不会启动防火墙  

其次是ssh的速度设置：

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  1. sed -i 's/^GSS/#&/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config      #用来加速SSH连接的  
  2.   service sshd reload  

内核处理和内存方面的设置：

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  1. # 设置内核参数, 并在启动时生效  
  2. sysctl -p - >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF  
  3. # configurations  
  4. kernel.sysrq=1  
  5. kernel.core_pattern=core  
  6. kernel.core_uses_pid=1  
  7. kernel.msgmnb=65536  
  8. kernel.msgmax=65536  
  9. kernel.msgmni=2048  
  10. kernel.sem=25600 3200000 10000 14200  
  11. net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1  
  12. net.ipv4.ip_forward=0  
  13. net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0  
  14. net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1  
  15. net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=4096  
  16. net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter=1  
  17. net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1025 65535  
  18. net.core.netdev_max_backlog=10000  
  19. net.core.rmem_max=2097152  
  20. net.core.wmem_max=2097152  
  21. vm.overcommit_memory=1  
  22. EOF  

如果配置集群时，因为要设置的共享内存大于系统最大共享内存而报错，则可以按照以下官方推荐的设置配置：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. # vi /etc/sysctl.conf  
  2. kernel.shmmax = 500000000  
  3. kernel.shmmni = 4096  
  4. kernel.shmall = 4000000000  
  5. kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048  
  6. kernel.sysrq = 1   
  7. kernel.core_uses_pid = 1   
  8. kernel.msgmnb = 65536  
  9. kernel.msgmax = 65536  
  10. kernel.msgmni = 2048  
  11. net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1   
  12. net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0   
  13. net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0   
  14. net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1   
  15. net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096  
  16. net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1   
  17. net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535  
  18. net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000  
  19. net.core.rmem_max = 2097152  
  20. net.core.wmem_max = 2097152  
  21. vm.overcommit_memory = 2  



文件读写方面的设置：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. # 设置limits  
  2. cat >>/etc/security/limits.d/99-kingbasedbcloud.conf <<EOF  
  3. #KingbaseDBCloud configurations  
  4. * soft nofile 65536  
  5. * hard nofile 65536  
  6. * soft nproc 131072  
  7. * hard nproc 131072  
  8. EOF  

5.2. 数据库级的参数设置

GUC参数设置，此设置需要按照实际机器来进行配置，常用的配置有如下几点：

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  1. work_mem=1GB  
  2. shared_buffers=2GB  
  3. max_connections=500  
  4. max_pool_size=2000  
  5. enable_mergejoin=off  
  6. enable_nestloop=off  
  7. max_prepared_transactions=50  
  8. autovacuum=off  
  9. interconnect_setup_timeout=1200  

6.   demo集群

安装完成后，就可以使用demo集群了。

执行下面命令即可在本机创建包含3个segment，3个segment-mirror，1个master的集群：

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  1. $ cd /home/wslu/gp/gpsql  
  2. $ source greenplum_path.sh  
  3. $ gpssh-exkeys –h localhost  
  4. $ cd gpAux/gpdemo  
  5. $ make cluster  
  6. $ source gpdemo-env.sh  

如果不想用demo集群，可以直接跳过本小节。

7.   设置环境变量

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  1. $ source gpsql/greenplum_path.sh  
  2. $ exportMASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  

8.   交换key

在h93执行：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpssh-exkeys –h h94  

         会提示输入h94的wslu用户的密码。（用户必须和h93相同）

则h93和h94之间可以无密码登陆了。

9. 初始化集群

（1）       在h93和h94执行下述指令，以创建数据目录：

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  1. $ mkdir gpsql/data/primary gpsql/data/mirror gpsql/data/master –p  

（2）       在h93创建配置文件configs/gpinitsystem_config，内容如下：

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  1. ARRAY_NAME="EMC Greenplum DW"  
  2. SEG_PREFIX=gpseg  
  3. PORT_BASE=40000  
  4. declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/primary /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/primary)  
  5. MASTER_HOSTNAME=h93  
  6. MASTER_DIRECTORY=/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master  
  7. MASTER_PORT=5432  
  8. TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh  
  9. CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=8  
  10. ENCODING=UNICODE  
  11. MIRROR_PORT_BASE=50000  
  12. REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=41000  
  13. MIRROR_REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=51000  
  14. declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/mirror /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/mirror)  

注意：configs目录是我自己创建的、便于保存自定义配置文件的目录。该步骤的目的是创建一个初始化时要用的配置文件，并没有路径的要求。

（3）       在h93创建配置文件configs/hostfile_gpinitsystem，内容如下：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. h93  
  2. h94  

注意：configs目录是我自己创建的、便于保存自定义配置文件的目录。该步骤的目的是创建一个初始化时要用的配置文件，并没有路径的要求。

（4）       在h93执行下述指令初始化集群：

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  1. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ gpinitsystem -c configs/gpinitsystem_config -h configs/hostfile_gpinitsystem –a  
  2. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking configuration parameters, please wait...  
  3. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Reading Greenplum configuration file configs/gpinitsystem_config  
  4. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Locale has not been set in configs/gpinitsystem_config, will set to default value  
  5. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Locale set to en_US.utf8  
  6. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-No DATABASE_NAME set, will exit following template1 updates  
  7. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-MASTER_MAX_CONNECT not set, will set to default value 250  
  8. 20160114:14:30:03:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking configuration parameters, Completed  
  9. 20160114:14:30:04:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing multi-home checks, please wait...  
  10. ..  
  11. 20160114:14:30:05:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Configuring build for standard array  
  12. 20160114:14:30:05:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing multi-home checks, Completed  
  13. 20160114:14:30:05:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Building primary segment instance array, please wait...  
  14. ....  
  15. 20160114:14:30:08:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Building group mirror array type , please wait...  
  16. ....  
  17. 20160114:14:30:12:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking Master host  
  18. 20160114:14:30:12:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking new segment hosts, please wait...  
  19. ........  
  20. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking new segment hosts, Completed  
  21. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Database Creation Parameters  
  22. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:---------------------------------------  
  23. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master Configuration  
  24. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:---------------------------------------  
  25. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master instance name       = EMC Greenplum DW  
  26. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master hostname            = h93  
  27. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master port                = 5432  
  28. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master instance dir        = /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  29. 20160114:14:30:28:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master LOCALE              = en_US.utf8  
  30. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum segment prefix   = gpseg  
  31. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master Database            =  
  32. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master connections         = 250  
  33. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master buffers             = 128000kB  
  34. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Segment connections        = 750  
  35. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Segment buffers            = 128000kB  
  36. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checkpoint segments        = 8  
  37. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Encoding                   = UNICODE  
  38. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Postgres param file        = Off  
  39. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Initdb to be used          = /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/bin/initdb  
  40. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-GP_LIBRARY_PATH is         = /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/lib  
  41. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Ulimit check               = Passed  
  42. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Array host connect type    = Single hostname per node  
  43. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master IP address [1]      = ::1  
  44. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master IP address [2]      = 192.168.4.93  
  45. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master IP address [3]      = fe80::225:90ff:fe3b:86c2  
  46. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Standby Master             = Not Configured  
  47. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Primary segment #          = 2  
  48. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total Database segments    = 4  
  49. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Trusted shell              = ssh  
  50. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Number segment hosts       = 2  
  51. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Mirror port base           = 50000  
  52. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Replicaton port base       = 41000  
  53. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Mirror replicaton port base= 51000  
  54. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Mirror segment #           = 2  
  55. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Mirroring config           = ON  
  56. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Mirroring type             = Group  
  57. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:----------------------------------------  
  58. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Primary Segment Configuration  
  59. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:----------------------------------------  
  60. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h93      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/primary/gpseg0        40000          2          0       41000  
  61. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h93      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/primary/gpseg1        40001          3          1       41001  
  62. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h94      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/primary/gpseg2        40000          4          2       41000  
  63. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h94      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/primary/gpseg3        40001          5          3       41001  
  64. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:---------------------------------------  
  65. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Mirror Segment Configuration  
  66. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:---------------------------------------  
  67. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h94      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/mirror/gpseg0          50000          6          0       51000  
  68. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h94      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/mirror/gpseg1          50001          7          1       51001  
  69. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h93      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/mirror/gpseg2          50000          8          2       51000  
  70. 20160114:14:30:29:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-h93      /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/mirror/gpseg3          50001          9          3       51001  
  71. Continue with Greenplum creation Yy/Nn>  
  72. y  
  73. 20160114:14:30:32:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Building the Master instance database, please wait...  
  74. 20160114:14:31:08:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Starting the Master in admin mode  
  75. 20160114:14:32:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing parallel build of primary segment instances  
  76. 20160114:14:32:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Spawning parallel processes    batch [1], please wait...  
  77. ....  
  78. 20160114:14:32:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Waiting for parallel processes batch [1], please wait...  
  79. ...........................................................  
  80. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------  
  81. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Parallel process exit status  
  82. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------  
  83. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as completed           = 4  
  84. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as killed              = 0  
  85. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as failed              = 0  
  86. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------  
  87. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing parallel build of mirror segment instances  
  88. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Spawning parallel processes    batch [1], please wait...  
  89. ....  
  90. 20160114:14:33:01:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Waiting for parallel processes batch [1], please wait...  
  91. .........................................  
  92. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------  
  93. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Parallel process exit status  
  94. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------  
  95. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as completed           = 4  
  96. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as killed              = 0  
  97. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Total processes marked as failed              = 0  
  98. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------  
  99. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Deleting distributed backout files  
  100. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Removing back out file  
  101. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-No errors generated from parallel processes  
  102. 20160114:14:33:43:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Restarting the Greenplum instance in production mode  
  103. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Starting gpstop with args: -a -i -m -d /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  104. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Gathering information and validating the environment...  
  105. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Obtaining Greenplum Master catalog information  
  106. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...  
  107. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.99.00 build dev'  
  108. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-There are 0 connections to the database  
  109. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing Master instance shutdown with mode='immediate'  
  110. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master host=h93  
  111. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing Master instance shutdown with mode=immediate  
  112. 20160114:14:33:43:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master segment instance directory=/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  113. 20160114:14:33:44:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Attempting forceful termination of any leftover master process  
  114. 20160114:14:33:44:001932 gpstop:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Terminating processes for segment /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  115. 20160114:14:33:45:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Starting gpstart with args: -a -d /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  116. 20160114:14:33:45:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Gathering information and validating the environment...  
  117. 20160114:14:33:45:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Binary Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.99.00 build dev'  
  118. 20160114:14:33:45:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Catalog Version: '300701081'  
  119. 20160114:14:33:45:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Starting Master instance in admin mode  
  120. 20160114:14:33:46:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Obtaining Greenplum Master catalog information  
  121. 20160114:14:33:46:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...  
  122. 20160114:14:33:46:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Setting new master era  
  123. 20160114:14:33:46:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Master Started...  
  124. 20160114:14:33:46:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Shutting down master  
  125. 20160114:14:33:47:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Commencing parallel primary and mirror segment instance startup, please wait...  
  126. ........  
  127. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Process results...  
  128. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------  
  129. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-   Successful segment starts                                            = 8  
  130. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-   Failed segment starts                                                = 0  
  131. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-   Skipped segment starts (segments are marked down in configuration)   = 0  
  132. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------  
  133. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-  
  134. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Successfully started 8 of 8 segment instances  
  135. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------  
  136. 20160114:14:33:55:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Starting Master instance h93 directory /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  137. 20160114:14:33:56:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Command pg_ctl reports Master h93 instance active  
  138. 20160114:14:33:56:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-No standby master configured.  skipping...  
  139. 20160114:14:33:56:002019 gpstart:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Database successfully started  
  140. 20160114:14:33:59:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Completed restart of Greenplum instance in production mode  
  141. 20160114:14:33:59:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Loading gp_toolkit...  
  142. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Scanning utility log file for any warning messages  
  143. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Log file scan check passed  
  144. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum Database instance successfully created  
  145. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------  
  146. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-To complete the environment configuration, please  
  147. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-update wslu .bashrc file with the following  
  148. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-1. Ensure that the greenplum_path.sh file is sourced  
  149. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-2. Add "export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1"  
  150. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-   to access the Greenplum scripts for this instance:  
  151. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-   or, use -d /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1 option for the Greenplum scripts  
  152. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-   Example gpstate -d /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  153. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Script log file = /home/wslu/gpAdminLogs/gpinitsystem_20160114.log  
  154. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-To remove instance, run gpdeletesystem utility  
  155. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-To initialize a Standby Master Segment for this Greenplum instance  
  156. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Review options for gpinitstandby  
  157. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------  
  158. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-The Master /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf post gpinitsystem  
  159. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-has been configured to allow all hosts within this new  
  160. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-array to intercommunicate. Any hosts external to this  
  161. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-new array must be explicitly added to this file  
  162. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Refer to the Greenplum Admin support guide which is  
  163. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-located in the /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/docs directory  
  164. 20160114:14:34:02:005980 gpinitsystem:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------  
  165. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$  

（5）       查看目录结构：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ ls data  
  2. master  mirror  primary  
  3. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ ls data/master/  
  4. gpseg-1  
  5. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ ls data/mirror/  
  6. gpseg2  gpseg3  
  7. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ ls data/primary/  
  8. gpseg0  gpseg1  
  9. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$  
  10.    
  11. [wslu@h94 gpsql]$ ls data/  
  12. master  mirror  primary  
  13. [wslu@h94 gpsql]$ ls data/master/  
  14. [wslu@h94 gpsql]$ ls data/primary/  
  15. gpseg2  gpseg3  
  16. [wslu@h94 gpsql]$ ls data/mirror/  
  17. gpseg0  gpseg1  
  18. [wslu@h94 gpsql]$  

（6）       在h94初始化备master（主备master必须在不同主机，如果要配置单机多节点，则不能配置备master。这是因为目前主备master必须在相同目录，所以必然不同主机，如果端口不是5432，那么需要指定PGPORT）：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ PGPORT=5432 PGDATABASE=postgres gpinitstandby -s h94  
  2. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Validating environment and parameters for standby initialization...  
  3. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking for filespace directory /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1 on h94  
  4. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------  
  5. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master initialization parameters  
  6. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------  
  7. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum master hostname               = h93  
  8. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum master data directory         = /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  9. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum master port                   = 5432  
  10. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master hostname       = h94  
  11. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master port           = 5432  
  12. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master data directory = /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  13. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Greenplum update system catalog         = On  
  14. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------  
  15. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:- Filespace locations  
  16. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------  
  17. 20160114:14:40:47:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-pg_system -> /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  18. Do you want to continue with standby master initialization? Yy|Nn (default=N):  
  19. > y  
  20. 20160114:14:40:53:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Syncing Greenplum Database extensions to standby  
  21. 20160114:14:40:53:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-The packages on h94 are consistent.  
  22. 20160114:14:40:53:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Adding standby master to catalog...  
  23. 20160114:14:40:53:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Database catalog updated successfully.  
  24. 20160114:14:40:54:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Updating pg_hba.conf file...  
  25. 20160114:14:41:00:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-pg_hba.conf files updated successfully.  
  26. 20160114:14:41:09:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Updating filespace flat files...  
  27. 20160114:14:41:09:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Filespace flat file updated successfully.  
  28. 20160114:14:41:10:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Starting standby master  
  29. 20160114:14:41:10:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Checking if standby master is running on host: h94  in directory: /home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  
  30. 20160114:14:41:11:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Cleaning up pg_hba.conf backup files...  
  31. 20160114:14:41:17:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Backup files of pg_hba.conf cleaned up successfully.  
  32. 20160114:14:41:17:003933 gpinitstandby:h93:wslu-[INFO]:-Successfully created standby master on h94  

（7）       此时，h94的data/master目录就不为空了：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ [wslu@h94 gpsql]$ ls data/master/  
  2. gpseg-1  

10. 测试

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ psql -p 5432 postgres  
  2. psql (8.3devel)  
  3. Type "help" for help.  
  4.    
  5. postgres=#  
  6. postgres=#  
  7. postgres=# db  
  8.         List of tablespaces  
  9.     Name    | Owner | Filespae Name  
  10. ------------+-------+---------------  
  11.  pg_default | wslu  | pg_system  
  12.  pg_global  | wslu  | pg_system  
  13. (2 rows)  
至此，集群就初始化完成了。
集群初始化完成后，默认会启动集群。
 
 
---------------------------------------------------------华丽的分割线-------------------------------------------------------------
以下为Greenplum集群部分常用指令，以及关于配置单机多节点的一点说明。

11. 启动集群

以后，想手动启动集群，执行：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstart –a  

这里说一下，每次想使用集群的任何指令，必须执行：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ source greenplum-path.sh  
  2. $ exportMASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/home/wslu/gp/gpsql/data/master/gpseg-1  

下文不再赘述。

12. 停止集群

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstop –a  

13. 重启集群

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstop –a –r  

14. 查看集群状态

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstate –m | -e  

15. reload配置文件

在不停止集群情况下，若配置文件修改，reload配置文件：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstop –u  

16. 维护模式下启动master

仅仅启动master来执行维护管理任务，不会影响segment中的数据。例如，在维护模式下你可以仅连接master实例的数据库并且编辑系统表设置。

1.运行gpstart使用-m选项：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstart –m  

2.维护模式下连接master来维护系统表。例如：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ PGOPTIONS='-c gp_session_role=utility'psql template1  

3.完成管理任务后，使master关闭工具模式。然后，重启进入正常模式：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpstop -m  

17. 访问数据库

可以使用psql连接集群：

[python] view plain copy
 
  1.  [wslu@h93 gpsql]$ psql -p 5432 postgres  
  2. psql (8.3devel)  
  3. Type "help" for help.  
  4.    
  5. postgres=#  

基本上常见命令与PostgreSQL的相同。可参考PostgreSQL官方手册和Greenplum官方手册。

18. GUC参数配置

使用gpconfig设置guc参数

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ gpconfig -c gp_vmem_protect_limit -v4096MB  

gpconfig可以设置master和所有segment的guc参数，也可以使用--masteronly参数只设置master的参数。设置完guc参数后需要根据guc参数类型决定重启集群或reload配置文件。

显示guc参数

[python] view plain copy
 
  1. $ psql –c ‘showstatement_mem;’ 或 gpconfig –show statement_mem  
  2. $ psql –c ‘show all;’ 或 gpconfig –l  

19. 附录：关于配置单机多节点的说明

如果要配置单机多节点，比如只想在h93配置2个主segment、2个镜像segment、1个master，只需要把hostfile_config中的h94删掉，然后在h93删除data/primary，data/mirror，data/master目录下的内容，重新初始化即可。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/dhcn/p/7523192.html