Linux程序包管理(2)
CentOS: yum, dnf
URL: ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/
YUM: yellow dog, Yellowdog Update Modifier
yum repository: yum repo
存储了众多rpm包，以及包的相关的元数据文件（放置于特定目录下：repodata）；
文件服务器：
ftp://
http://
nfs://
file:///
yum客户端：
配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf：为所有仓库提供公共配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：为仓库的指向提供配置
仓库指向的定义：
[repositoryID]
name=Some name for this repository
baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
gpgkey=URL
enablegroups={1|0}
failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
默认为：roundrobin，意为随机挑选；
cost=
默认为1000
教室里的yum源：http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/
CentOS 6.6 X84_64 epel: http://172.16.0.1/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/
yum命令的用法：
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
command is one of:
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist | groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
* check
* help [command]
显示仓库列表：
repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
显示程序包：
list
# yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
# yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]
安装程序包：
install package1 [package2] [...]
reinstall package1 [package2] [...] (重新安装)
升级程序包：
update [package1] [package2] [...]
downgrade package1 [package2] [...] (降级)
检查可用升级：
check-update
卸载程序包：
remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
查看程序包information：
info [...]
查看指定的特性(可以是某文件)是由哪个程序包所提供：
provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
清理本地缓存：
clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
构建缓存：
makecache
搜索：
search string1 [string2] [...]
以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息；
查看指定包所依赖的capabilities：
deplist package1 [package2] [...]
查看yum事务历史：
history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
安装及升级本地程序包：
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
包组管理的相关命令：
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
如何使用光盘当作本地yum仓库：
(1) 挂载光盘至某目录，例如/media/cdrom
# mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
(2) 创建配置文件
[CentOS7]
name=
baseurl=
gpgcheck=
enabled=
yum的命令行选项：
--nogpgcheck：禁止进行gpg check；
-y: 自动回答为“yes”；
-q：静默模式；
--disablerepo=repoidglob：临时禁用此处指定的repo；
--enablerepo=repoidglob：临时启用此处指定的repo；
--noplugins：禁用所有插件；
yum的repo配置文件中可用的变量：
$releasever: 当前OS的发行版的主版本号；
$arch: 平台；
$basearch：基础平台；
$YUM0-$YUM9
http://mirrors.magedu.com/centos/$releasever/$basearch/os
创建yum仓库：
createrepo [options] <directory>