How to Install and Configure Nginx from Source on centos--转

1.CentOS - Installing Nginx from source

http://articles.slicehost.com/2009/2/2/centos-installing-nginx-from-source

Versions

At the time of writing, the latest stable version of Nginx is 0.6.34. You can check the latest versions and change logs at the main nginx site.

Building from source will allow you to have the latest available versions of Nginx. However, keep in mind that security updates will not be applied automatically.

Please see this article if you want to install Nginx with the package manager which ensures that any dependencies as well as security updates are installed as needed.

Dependencies

As we are not using the package manager to install nginx, we need to take care of some dependencies.

Not many are needed and include pcre-devel zlib-devel and openssl-devel packages.

sudo yum install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

Download

Now we can download the source code.

Create a 'sources' directory (you can download it anywhere you want to):

mkdir ~/sources

Now move into the folder:

cd ~/sources/

And then download the source code:

wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.34.tar.gz

Unpack

Unpack the downloaded tar file and move into the newly created directory:

tar -zxvf nginx-0.6.34.tar.gz
...
cd nginx-0.6.34/

Options

There are quite a few compile time options that are available to use.

Have a look at the Install Options page of the Nginx wiki for full details.

We're going to use just two options to customize the install. The first of which is:

--sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin

By default, nginx will be installed in /usr/local/nginx which, although a good place, does mean the main Nginx binary will be found in /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.

Not a location we are likely to find in our default search paths. So instead of adding new directories to our path (which may cause errors later on) we simply define where to put the binary.

The second option is:

--with-http_ssl_module

Probably self explanatory, but this will enable the SSL module to be compiled so we can parse https requests.

Compile

Let's go ahead and compile Nginx using those two options:

./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/sbin --with-http_ssl_module

There will be a nice summary at the end of the compile which includes such items as:

...
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/sbin"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
...

Keep a note of the output as it does contain some useful paths and locations for various files.

Make

Ok, let's go ahead and 'make' and then 'make install':

make
...
sudo make install

Defaults

Done. We can test the install by starting Nginx:

sudo /usr/local/sbin/nginx

and navigating to our Slice IP address (assuming you have no other server running):

http://123.45.67.890

You will be greeted with the standard welcome page:

Nginx Welcome Screen

Stop

If you have used Apache or some other web server (or even installing Nginx via a package manager), you may be used to using a script to start and stop it such as you might find in '/etc/init.d/'.

Unfortunately, compiling from source does not create a script like that (we will create an init script in the next article or two).

You may have noticed that one of the paths noted in the compile summary was:

nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

Let's make use of that to stop Nginx:

sudo kill `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

That will use the output of the pid file to kill the Nginx process - note the use of backticks (`) and not single quotes (') in the command.

Summary

Although quite detailed, we have installed the latest stable version of Nginx from source and compiled it with some custom options to make life slightly easier.

We also know how to start and stop Nginx by hand.

As mentioned, the next couple of articles will deal with learning how to create an init script so we have more control over Nginx.

Once done, we will then look at configuring Nginx, setting up vhosts and proxying to a backend (such as a cluster of mongrels).

2. How to Install and Configure Nginx from Source on Linux

http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/install-nginx-from-source/

Before we understand what is nginx, we should know how to pronounce nginx.

Its not N G I N X. nginx is pronounced as “Engine X”.

nginx is short form after you remove both the e’s from “Engine X”.

nginx is an open source web server that is similar to Apache, but very light weight. nginx is both web server and reverse proxy server.

The following are some of the features of nginx:

It serves static and index files
Reverse proxy with caching
Supports SSL
Simple load balancing with fault tolerance
Both name-based and ip-based virtual server can be configured
HTTP basic authentication
Supports rewrite module
Supports gzip, XSLT, SSI and image resizing filters
All the main mail proxy server features are supported
and lot more..

This is part of an ongoing series of articles on nginx.

Let us get started by installing nginx and get it up and running, which takes only 5 minutes.

1. Download nginx

Download nginx from here, or use wget as shown below. The current stable version is nginx 1.0.5

cd
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.5.tar.gz
tar xvfz nginx-1.0.5.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.5

2. Install nginx

There are lot of options that you can pass to ./configure. To identify list of all the configuration options do the following.

./configure --help

The following are some of the http modules that are automatically enabled. If you need to disable them, yo should pass “–without-http_[module_name]” to the ./configure option. For example, to disable “proxy_module”, you should do ./configure –without-http_proxy_module.

charset_module – HTTP Character set module
gzip_module – HTTP gzip module for compression
ssi_module – Server side include modules
auth_basic_module – HTTP Basic authentication modules.
autoindex_module – Auto index
rewrite_module – HTTP rewrite that supports rewrite rules
proxy_module – HTTP reverse proxy module
fastcgi_module – Support for fastcgi
memcached_module – Memcached module for nginx
..

Following are some of the httpd modules that are not automatically enabled. If you need to enable them, you should pass “–with-http_[module_name]” to the ./configure option. For example, to enable SSL in nginx, you should do “./configure –with-http_ssl_module”.

ssl_module – Support for Secure Socket Layer (SSL) module
xslt_module – Support for Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) module
perl_module – Support for Perl
..

To begin with, install nginx with the default configuration options by doing ./configure as shown below.

./configure
make
make install

During ./configure, you might get the “./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.” error message about missing PCRE library that is required by nginx http rewrite module.

To solve the problem, either install “pcre” and “pcre-devel” packages on your Linux, or disable the rewrite module by doing “./configure –without-http_rewrite_module”

nginx will be installed under /usr/local/nginx as shown by the ./configure output.

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + md5: using system crypto library
  + sha1: using system crypto library
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

3. Change the Default nginx Listen Port

Nginx is configured to listen by default on port 80. If you are installing this on a machine for testing purpose, that already has an apache server running, you should change the nginx listen port.

Similar to apache’s httpd.conf file, nginx has nginx.conf file located under /usr/local/nginx/conf.

In the server section of nginx.conf, change the port 80 to 8081.

# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    server {
        listen       8081;
        server_name  localhost;

4. Start Nginx Server

nginx executable is located under /usr/local/nginx/sbin directory. Just call this executable to start the nginx server.

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx

Once you start this, you’ll see the nginx “master process” and “worker process” if you do ps.

# ps -ef | grep -i nginx
root     18596 13:16 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody   18597 13:16 nginx: worker process

After you start the nginx server, go to http://your-ip-address/ (or http://your-ip-address:8081, if you changed the listen directive in nginx.conf), you should see the default nginx index.html, which should say “Welcome to nginx!”

5. Stop Nginx Server

To stop the nginx server, do the following.

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s stop

To view the current version of nginx, do the following:

# ./nginx -v
nginx: nginx version: nginx/1.0.5

To debug issues, view the error.log and access.log files located under /usr/local/nginx/logs

# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/
access.log
error.log
nginx.pid