对一个前端使用AngularJS后端使用ASP.NET Web API项目的理解(3)

chsakell分享了一个前端使用AngularJS,后端使用ASP.NET Web API的项目。

源码: https://github.com/chsakell/spa-webapi-angularjs
文章：http://chsakell.com/2015/08/23/building-single-page-applications-using-web-api-and-angularjs-free-e-book/

这里记录下对此项目的理解。分为如下几篇：

● 对一个前端使用AngularJS后端使用ASP.NET Web API项目的理解(1)--领域、Repository、Service

● 对一个前端使用AngularJS后端使用ASP.NET Web API项目的理解(2)--依赖倒置、Bundling、视图模型验证、视图模型和领域模型映射、自定义handler

● 对一个前端使用AngularJS后端使用ASP.NET Web API项目的理解(3)--主页面布局

● 对一个前端使用AngularJS后端使用ASP.NET Web API项目的理解(4)--Movie增改查以及上传图片

Home/Index.cshtml视图

创建一个有关ui的module:spa/modules/common.ui.js

(function () {
    'use strict';
 
    angular.module('common.ui', ['ui.bootstrap', 'chieffancypants.loadingBar']);
 
})();

创建一个有关功能的module:spa/modules/common.ui.js

(function () {
    'use strict';
 
    angular.module('common.core', ['ngRoute', 'ngCookies', 'base64', 'angularFileUpload', 'angularValidator', 'angucomplete-alt']);
 
})();

Home/Index.cshtml视图摘要：

<html ng-app="homeCinema">
    <body ng-controller="rootCtrl">
        <top-bar></top-bar>
        <side-bar></side-bar>
        <div class="page {{ pageClass }}" ng-view></div>
    </body>
</html>

homeCinema是一个主module，依赖common.ui和common.core这2个module，定义在了spa/app.js中，具体如下：

//config传入名称为config的函数
//run传入名称为run的函数
//执行顺序：app.config()→app.run()→directive compile functions if found→app.controller→directive's link funciton if found
angular.module('homeCinema', ['common.core', 'common.ui'])
    .config(config)
    .run(run);
    
    
//为config函数注入参数    
config.$inject = ['$routeProvider'];

//路由设置，让controller和页面匹配
function config($routeProvider) {
    $routeProvider
        .when("/", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/home/index.html",
            controller: "indexCtrl"
        })
        .when("/login", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/account/login.html",
            controller: "loginCtrl"
        })
        .when("/register", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/account/register.html",
            controller: "registerCtrl"
        })
        .when("/customers", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/customers/customers.html",
            controller: "customersCtrl"
        })
        .when("/customers/register", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/customers/register.html",
            controller: "customersRegCtrl",
            //注入到cotroller中的依赖，controller会等到resolve的动作结束后再初始化
            resolve: { isAuthenticated: isAuthenticated }
        })
        .when("/movies", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/movies/movies.html",
            controller: "moviesCtrl"
        })
        .when("/movies/add", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/movies/add.html",
            controller: "movieAddCtrl",
            resolve: { isAuthenticated: isAuthenticated }
        })
        .when("/movies/:id", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/movies/details.html",
            controller: "movieDetailsCtrl",
            resolve: { isAuthenticated: isAuthenticated }
        })
        .when("/movies/edit/:id", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/movies/edit.html",
            controller: "movieEditCtrl"
        })
        .when("/rental", {
            templateUrl: "scripts/spa/rental/rental.html",
            controller: "rentStatsCtrl"
        }).otherwise({ redirectTo: "/" });
}    

//为resolve的函数注入参数
isAuthenticated.$inject = ['membershipService', '$rootScope', '$location'];

//resolve执行的函数
function isAuthenticated(membershipService, $rootScope, $location) {
    if (!membershipService.isUserLoggedIn()) {
        $rootScope.previousState = $location.path();
        $location.path('/login');
    }
}

//为run函数注入参数
run.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$location', '$cookieStore', '$http'];

//一些初始化工作
function run($rootScope, $location, $cookieStore, $http) {
    // handle page refreshes
    //rootScope.repository
    //rootScope.repository.loggedUser
    $rootScope.repository = $cookieStore.get('repository') || {};
    if ($rootScope.repository.loggedUser) {
        $http.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = $rootScope.repository.loggedUser.authdata;
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {
        $(".fancybox").fancybox({
            openEffect: 'none',
            closeEffect: 'none'
        });

        $('.fancybox-media').fancybox({
            openEffect: 'none',
            closeEffect: 'none',
            helpers: {
                media: {}
            }
        });

        $('[data-toggle=offcanvas]').click(function () {
            $('.row-offcanvas').toggleClass('active');
        });
    });
}

side-bar

在界面中的适用方法：<side-bar></side-bar>

在common.ui这个module中自定义了一个directive。在spa/layout/sideBar.directive.js

(function(app) {
    'use strict';
 
    app.directive('sideBar', sideBar);
 
    function sideBar() {
        return {
            restrict: 'E',
            replace: true,
            templateUrl: '/scripts/spa/layout/sideBar.html'
        }
    }
 
})(angular.module('common.ui'));

spa/layout/sidebar.html摘要：

<a ng-href="#/">Home</i>
<a ng-href="#/customers/">Customers</a>
<a ng-href="#/customers/register">Register customer</a>
<a ng-href="#/movies/">Movies</a>
<a ng-href="#/movies/add">Add movie<i class="fa fa-plus-circle fa-fw pull-right"></i></a>
<a ng-href="#/rental/">Rental history<i class="fa fa-leanpub fa-fw pull-right"></i></a>
<a ng-href="#/login" ng-if="!userData.isUserLoggedIn">Login</a>
<a ng-click="logout();" ng-if="userData.isUserLoggedIn">Logout</a>

其中，userData.isUserLoggedIn肯定是homeCinema这个module的controller，定义在了spa/home/rootCtrl.js中。

(function (app) {
    'use strict';

    app.controller('rootCtrl', rootCtrl);

    rootCtrl.$inject = ['$scope','$location', 'membershipService','$rootScope'];
    

    function rootCtrl($scope, $location, membershipService, $rootScope) {

        //userData对象
        $scope.userData = {};
        
        //$scope.userData.displayUserInfo方法显示用户
        $scope.userData.displayUserInfo = displayUserInfo;
        
        //方法登出
        $scope.logout = logout;

        //$scope.userData.isUserLoggedIn,布尔类型
        //$scope.username
        function displayUserInfo() {
            $scope.userData.isUserLoggedIn = membershipService.isUserLoggedIn();

            if($scope.userData.isUserLoggedIn)
            {
                //主页面初始化的时候就定义在$rootScope.repository.loggedUser.username了
                $scope.username = $rootScope.repository.loggedUser.username;
            }
        }

        function logout() {
            membershipService.removeCredentials();
            $location.path('#/');
            $scope.userData.displayUserInfo();
        }

        $scope.userData.displayUserInfo();
    }

})(angular.module('homeCinema'));

以上，注入了membershipService这个服务，另外还有一个apiService，notificationService等服务被放在了common.core模块中，都是以factory的方式创建的服务。

spa/services/notificationService.js这个服务基于toastr.js管理所有的通知。

(function (app) {
    'use strict';
 
    //以工厂的方式创建服务
    app.factory('notificationService', notificationService);
 
    function notificationService() {
 
        toastr.options = {
            "debug": false,
            "positionClass": "toast-top-right",
            "onclick": null,
            "fadeIn": 300,
            "fadeOut": 1000,
            "timeOut": 3000,
            "extendedTimeOut": 1000
        };
 
        var service = {
            displaySuccess: displaySuccess,
            displayError: displayError,
            displayWarning: displayWarning,
            displayInfo: displayInfo
        };
 
        return service;
 
        function displaySuccess(message) {
            toastr.success(message);
        }
 
        function displayError(error) {
            if (Array.isArray(error)) {
                error.forEach(function (err) {
                    toastr.error(err);
                });
            } else {
                toastr.error(error);
            }
        }
 
        function displayWarning(message) {
            toastr.warning(message);
        }
 
        function displayInfo(message) {
            toastr.info(message);
        }
 
    }
 
})(angular.module('common.core'));

spa/services/apiService.js服务用来管理GET和POST请求。

(function (app) {
    'use strict';
 
    app.factory('apiService', apiService);
 
    apiService.$inject = ['$http', '$location', 'notificationService','$rootScope'];
 
    function apiService($http, $location, notificationService, $rootScope) {
        var service = {
            get: get,
            post: post
        };
 
        function get(url, config, success, failure) {
            return $http.get(url, config)
                    .then(function (result) {
                        success(result);
                    }, function (error) {
                        if (error.status == '401') {
                            notificationService.displayError('Authentication required.');
                            $rootScope.previousState = $location.path();
                            $location.path('/login');
                        }
                        else if (failure != null) {
                            failure(error);
                        }
                    });
        }
 
        function post(url, data, success, failure) {
            return $http.post(url, data)
                    .then(function (result) {
                        success(result);
                    }, function (error) {
                        if (error.status == '401') {
                            notificationService.displayError('Authentication required.');
                            $rootScope.previousState = $location.path();
                            $location.path('/login');
                        }
                        else if (failure != null) {
                            failure(error);
                        }
                    });
        }
 
        return service;
    }
 
})(angular.module('common.core'));

top bar

自定义的top bar放在了common.ui模块中，spa/layout/topBar.directive.js

(function(app) {
    'use strict';
 
    app.directive('topBar', topBar);
 
    function topBar() {
        return {
            restrict: 'E',
            replace: true,
            templateUrl: '/scripts/spa/layout/topBar.html'
        }
    }
 
})(angular.module('common.ui'));

spa/layout/topBar.html摘要：

<a class="navbar-brand active" href="#/">Home Cinema</a>
<a href="#about">About</a>
<ulng-if="userData.isUserLoggedIn">
    <a href="#/">{{username}}</a>
</ul>

以上，username, userData.isUserLoggedIn都是homeCinema这个模块中rootCtrl控制器的变量。

Latest Movies 

首先要写一个继承ApiController的类，用来处理登录异常。

namespace HomeCinema.Web.Infrastructure.Core
{
    public class ApiControllerBase : ApiController
    {
        protected readonly IEntityBaseRepository<Error> _errorsRepository;
        protected readonly IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork;

        public ApiControllerBase(IEntityBaseRepository<Error> errorsRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
        {
            _errorsRepository = errorsRepository;
            _unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        }

        public ApiControllerBase(IDataRepositoryFactory dataRepositoryFactory, IEntityBaseRepository<Error> errorsRepository, IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
        {
            _errorsRepository = errorsRepository;
            _unitOfWork = unitOfWork;
        }

        protected HttpResponseMessage CreateHttpResponse(HttpRequestMessage request, Func<HttpResponseMessage> function)
        {
            HttpResponseMessage response = null;

            try
            {
                response = function.Invoke();
            }
            catch (DbUpdateException ex)
            {
                LogError(ex);
                response = request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, ex.InnerException.Message);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                LogError(ex);
                response = request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, ex.Message);
            }

            return response;
        }
        
        //把错误报错到数据库中去
        private void LogError(Exception ex)
        {
            try
            {
                Error _error = new Error()
                {
                    Message = ex.Message,
                    StackTrace = ex.StackTrace,
                    DateCreated = DateTime.Now
                };

                _errorsRepository.Add(_error);
                _unitOfWork.Commit();
            }
            catch { }
        }
    }
}

以上， ApiControllerBase定义了一个重要的方法CreateHttpResponse，不但可以处理请求响应，还可以进行异常处理，把异常记录到数据库。

接着定义MoviesController，继承ApiControllerBase基类。

[Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
[RoutePrefix("api/movies")]
public class MoviesController : ApiControllerBase
{
    private readonly IEntityBaseRepository<Movie> _moviesRepository;
    
    public MoviesController(IEntityBaseRepository<Movie> moviesRepository,IEntityBaseRepository<Error> _errorsRepository, IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork)
            : base(_errorsRepository, _unitOfWork)
    {
        _moviesRepository = moviesRepository;
    }
    
    ...
}

首页展示6个Moview，针对此写一个aciton方法。

[AllowAnonymous]
[Route("latest")]
public HttpResponseMessage Get(HttpRequestMessage request)
{
    return CreateHttpResponse(request, () =>
    {
        HttpResponseMessage response = null;
        
        //获取6个
        var movies = _moviesRepository.GetAll().OrderByDescending(m => m.ReleaseDate).Take(6).ToList();

        //转换成视图模型
        IEnumerable<MovieViewModel> moviesVM = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Movie>, IEnumerable<MovieViewModel>>(movies);

        //创建响应
        response = request.CreateResponse<IEnumerable<MovieViewModel>>(HttpStatusCode.OK, moviesVM);

        return response;
    });
}

界面如何展示出来呢？在spa/app.js中的路由已经有了定义。

 $routeProvider
    .when("/", {
        templateUrl: "scripts/spa/home/index.html",
        controller: "indexCtrl"
    })
    ...

也就是在根地址下，使用indexCtrl这个controller,路由到scripts/spa/home/index.html这里。

scripts/spa/home/index.html

<div ng-if="loadingMovies">
    <label class="label label-primary">Loading movies...</label>
</div>

 <div ng-repeat="movie in latestMovies">
     <strong>{{movie.Title}} </strong>
     <a ng-href="../../Content/images/movies/{{movie.Image}}" title="{{movie.Description | limitTo:200}}">
         <img class="media-object" height="120" ng-src="../../Content/images/movies/{{movie.Image}}" alt="" />
     </a>
     <available-movie is-available="{{movie.IsAvailable}}"></available-movie>
     {{movie.Description | limitTo: 70}}...</small>
     <label class="label label-info">{{movie.Genre}}</label>
     <span component-rating="{{movie.Rating}}"></span>
     <a ng-href="{{movie.TrailerURI}}">Trailer<i class="fa fa-video-camera fa-fw"></i></a>
 </div>

以上，其实定义了2个directive，一个是available-movie，用来显示Movie的状态，可能是Available，也可能是Not Available；另一个是component-rating，用来显示星级，基于 raty.js文件开发。

先来看控制器：spa/home/indexCtrl.js

(function (app) {
    'use strict';

    app.controller('indexCtrl', indexCtrl);

    indexCtrl.$inject = ['$scope','apiService', 'notificationService'];

    function indexCtrl($scope, apiService, notificationService) {

        $scope.loadingMovies = true;

        $scope.latestMovies = [];
        $scope.loadData = loadData;

        function loadData() {
            apiService.get('/api/movies/latest', null,
                        moviesLoadCompleted,
                        moviesLoadFailed);
        }

        function moviesLoadCompleted(result) {
            $scope.latestMovies = result.data;
            $scope.loadingMovies = false;
        }


        function moviesLoadFailed(response) {
            notificationService.displayError(response.data);
        }


        loadData();
    }

})(angular.module('homeCinema'));

再来看是否显示Available Movie的这个自定义directive，在页面中是这样使用的：

<available-movie is-available="{{movie.IsAvailable}}"></available-movie>

实际是在spa/directives/availableMovie.directive.js中定义的。

(function (app) {
    'use strict';
 
    //注意这里的惯例，这里的availableMovie相当于界面上的available-movie
    app.directive('availableMovie', availableMovie);
 
    function availableMovie() {
        return {
            restrict: 'E',
            templateUrl: "/Scripts/spa/directives/availableMovie.html",
            link: function ($scope, $element, $attrs) {
            
               //getAvailbleClass供html中调用
               //attrs表示属性，注意这里的惯例：isAvailable相当于界面上的is-available
                $scope.getAvailableClass = function () {
                    if ($attrs.isAvailable === 'true')
                        return 'label label-success'
                    else
                        return 'label label-danger'
                };
                
                //getAvailability根据属性的布尔值返回不同的字符串
                $scope.getAvailability = function () {
                    if ($attrs.isAvailable === 'true')
                        return 'Available!'
                    else
                        return 'Not Available'
                };
            }
        }
    }
 
})(angular.module('common.ui'));

最终，在spa/directives/availableMovie.html中：

<label ng-class="getAvailableClass()">{{getAvailability()}}</label>

在Movie的显示中，还定义了一个directive,用来显示星级，在界面中按如下：

<span component-rating="{{movie.Rating}}"></span>

在spa/directives/componentRating.directive.js中：

(function(app) {
    'use strict';
 
    app.directive('componentRating', componentRating);
 
    function componentRating() {
        return {
            restrict: 'A', //A说明directive以属性的方式
            link: function ($scope, $element, $attrs) {
                $element.raty({
                    score: $attrs.componentRating, //componentRating相当于界面中的component-rating，接收component-rating属性值
                    halfShow: false,
                    readOnly: $scope.isReadOnly,//表明是只读的星级
                    noRatedMsg: "Not rated yet!",
                    starHalf: "../Content/images/raty/star-half.png",
                    starOff: "../Content/images/raty/star-off.png",
                    starOn: "../Content/images/raty/star-on.png",
                    hints: ["Poor", "Average", "Good", "Very Good", "Excellent"],
                    click: function (score, event) {
                        //Set the model value
                        $scope.movie.Rating = score;
                        $scope.$apply();
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    }
 
})(angular.module('common.ui'));

点击首页Movie缩略图，弹出窗口

关于缩略图的html部分就在scripts/spa/home/index.html中，具体为：

<a class="fancybox pull-left" rel="gallery1" ng-href="../../Content/images/movies/{{movie.Image}}" title="{{movie.Description | limitTo:200}}">
    <img class="media-object" height="120" ng-src="../../Content/images/movies/{{movie.Image}}" alt="" />
</a>

根据类名fancybox，使用jquery语法调用jquery.fancybox.js的语法，具体调用是在app.js中调用的：

function run($rootScope, $location, $cookieStore, $http) {
    ...

    $(document).ready(function () {
        $(".fancybox").fancybox({
            openEffect: 'none',
            closeEffect: 'none'
        });

        ...
    });
}

待续~

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/darrenji/p/4945733.html