SQL1 查找最晚入职员工的所有信息
描述
有一个员工employees表简况如下:
请你查找employees里最晚入职员工的所有信息，以上例子输出如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `employees` ;
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10004,'1954-05-01','Chirstian','Koblick','M','1986-12-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10005,'1955-01-21','Kyoichi','Maliniak','M','1989-09-12');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10006,'1953-04-20','Anneke','Preusig','F','1989-06-02');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10007,'1957-05-23','Tzvetan','Zielinski','F','1989-02-10');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10008,'1958-02-19','Saniya','Kalloufi','M','1994-09-15');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10009,'1952-04-19','Sumant','Peac','F','1985-02-18');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10010,'1963-06-01','Duangkaew','Piveteau','F','1989-08-24');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10011,'1953-11-07','Mary','Sluis','F','1990-01-22');
输出：
10008|1958-02-19|Saniya|Kalloufi|M|1994-09-15
答题
select * from employees
where hire_date =
(select max(hire_date) from employees)
由于最晚入职的可能不止一个，因此筛选最大的hire_date进行查找
SQL2 查找入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息
描述
有一个员工employees表简况如下:
请你查找employees里入职员工时间排名倒数第三的员工所有信息，以上例子输出如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `employees` ;
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10004,'1954-05-01','Chirstian','Koblick','M','1986-12-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10005,'1955-01-21','Kyoichi','Maliniak','M','1989-09-12');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10006,'1953-04-20','Anneke','Preusig','F','1989-06-02');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10007,'1957-05-23','Tzvetan','Zielinski','F','1989-02-10');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10008,'1958-02-19','Saniya','Kalloufi','M','1994-09-15');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10009,'1952-04-19','Sumant','Peac','F','1985-02-18');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10010,'1963-06-01','Duangkaew','Piveteau','F','1989-08-24');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10011,'1953-11-07','Mary','Sluis','F','1990-01-22');
输出：
10005|1955-01-21|Kyoichi|Maliniak|M|1989-09-12
答题
select * from employees order by hire_date desc limit 2,1;
考虑到入职日期可能会有多个重复，最合理的SQL语句应为:
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE hire_date = (
SELECT DISTINCT hire_date FROM employees
ORDER BY hire_date DESC limit 2,1
);
关键词 distinct用于返回唯一不同的值。
SQL3 查找当前薪水详情以及部门编号dept_no
描述
有一个全部员工的薪水表salaries简况如下:
有一个各个部门的领导表dept_manager简况如下:
请你查找各个部门当前领导的薪水详情以及其对应部门编号dept_no，输出结果以salaries.emp_no升序排序，并且请注意输出结果里面dept_no列是最后一列，以上例子输出如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `salaries` ;
drop table if exists `dept_manager` ;
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d001',10002,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d002',10006,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d003',10005,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d004',10004,'9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,88958,'2002-06-22','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10002,72527,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10003,43311,'2001-12-01','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10004,74057,'2001-11-27','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10005,94692,'2001-09-09','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10006,43311,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10007,88070,'2002-02-07','9999-01-01');
复制
输出：
10002|72527|2001-08-02|9999-01-01|d001
10004|74057|2001-11-27|9999-01-01|d004
10005|94692|2001-09-09|9999-01-01|d003
10006|43311|2001-08-02|9999-01-01|d002
答题
select salaries.*,dept_manager.dept_no
from salaries,dept_manager
where
salaries.emp_no = dept_manager.emp_no
and salaries.to_date = '9999-01-01'
and dept_manager.to_date = '9999-01-01'
order by salaries.emp_no
SQL4查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name以及dept_no
描述
有一个员工表，employees简况如下:
有一个部门表，dept_emp简况如下:
请你查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name以及dept_no，未分配的部门的员工不显示，以上例子如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `dept_emp` ;
drop table if exists `employees` ;
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10001,'d001','1986-06-26','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10002,'d002','1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10004,'1954-05-01','Chirstian','Koblick','M','1986-12-01');
复制
输出：
Facello|Georgi|d001
Simmel|Bezalel|d002
答题
select e.last_name,e.first_name,d.dept_no
from employees as e
INNER JOIN
dept_emp as d
on
e.emp_no = d.emp_no
使用inner join取两个表emp_no字段的交集
内联结，两边表同时有对应的数据，即任何一边缺失数据就不显示。
SQL5查找所有员工的last_name和first_name以及对应部门编号dept_no
描述
有一个员工表，employees简况如下:
有一个部门表，dept_emp简况如下:
请你查找所有已经分配部门的员工的last_name和first_name以及dept_no，也包括暂时没有分配具体部门的员工，以上例子如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `dept_emp` ;
drop table if exists `employees` ;
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10001,'d001','1986-06-26','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10002,'d002','1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10004,'1954-05-01','Chirstian','Koblick','M','1986-12-01');
复制
输出：
Facello|Georgi|d001
Simmel|Bezalel|d002
Bamford|Parto|None
Koblick|Chirstian|None
答题
SELECT e.last_name, e.first_name, d.dept_no
FROM employees AS e
LEFT OUTER JOIN dept_emp AS d
ON e.emp_no=d.emp_no;
使用外部联结的左联结。
内联结，两边表同时有对应的数据，即任何一边缺失数据就不显示。
左联结，读取左边数据表的全部数据，即便右边表无对应数。即右表d中dept_no即使为NULL，也会读取左表e中的全部emp。
SQL7查找薪水涨幅超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的涨幅次数t
描述
有一个薪水表，salaries简况如下:
请你查找薪水记录超过15次的员工号emp_no以及其对应的记录次数t，以上例子输出如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `salaries` ;
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,60117,'1986-06-26','1987-06-26');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,62102,'1987-06-26','1988-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,66074,'1988-06-25','1989-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,66596,'1989-06-25','1990-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,66961,'1990-06-25','1991-06-25');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,71046,'1991-06-25','1992-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,74333,'1992-06-24','1993-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,75286,'1993-06-24','1994-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,75994,'1994-06-24','1995-06-24');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,76884,'1995-06-24','1996-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,80013,'1996-06-23','1997-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,81025,'1997-06-23','1998-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,81097,'1998-06-23','1999-06-23');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,84917,'1999-06-23','2000-06-22');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,85112,'2000-06-22','2001-06-22');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,85097,'2001-06-22','2002-06-22');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,88958,'2002-06-22','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10002,72527,'1996-08-03','1997-08-03');
复制
输出：
10001|17
ANS
select emp_no,count(emp_no) as t
from salaries
group by emp_no having t >=15;
- 使用count计数函数
- 使用group by 对次数大于等于15次的员工数据进行分组并筛选
SQL8 找出所有员工当前薪水salary情况
描述
有一个薪水表，salaries简况如下:
请你找出所有员工具体的薪水salary情况，对于相同的薪水只显示一次,并按照逆序显示，以上例子输出如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `salaries` ;
CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10001,72527,'2002-06-22','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10002,72527,'2001-08-02','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO salaries VALUES(10003,43311,'2001-12-01','9999-01-01');
复制
输出：
72527
43311
ANS
select salary
from salaries
group by salary
order by salary desc;
对salaries进行分组并排序
SQL10 获取所有非manager的员工emp_no
描述
有一个员工表employees简况如下:
有一个部门领导表dept_manager简况如下:
请你找出所有非部门领导的员工emp_no，以上例子输出:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `dept_manager` ;
drop table if exists `employees` ;
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d001',10002,'1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d002',10003,'1990-08-05','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10001,'1953-09-02','Georgi','Facello','M','1986-06-26');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10002,'1964-06-02','Bezalel','Simmel','F','1985-11-21');
INSERT INTO employees VALUES(10003,'1959-12-03','Parto','Bamford','M','1986-08-28');
复制
输出：
10001
ANS
select employees.emp_no
from employees
where emp_no not in (select emp_no from dept_manager);
SELECT e.emp_no
FROM employees AS e
LEFT JOIN dept_manager AS d
ON e.emp_no=d.emp_no
WHERE dept_no IS NULL;
SQL11获取所有员工当前的manager
描述
有一个员工表dept_emp简况如下:
第一行表示为员工编号为10001的部门是d001部门。
有一个部门经理表dept_manager简况如下:
第一行表示为d001部门的经理是编号为10002的员工。
获取所有的员工和员工对应的经理，如果员工本身是经理的话则不显示，以上例子如下:
示例1
输入：
drop table if exists `dept_emp` ;
drop table if exists `dept_manager` ;
CREATE TABLE `dept_emp` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
CREATE TABLE `dept_manager` (
`dept_no` char(4) NOT NULL,
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`dept_no`));
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10001,'d001','1986-06-26','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10002,'d001','1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_emp VALUES(10003,'d002','1995-12-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d001',10002,'1996-08-03','9999-01-01');
INSERT INTO dept_manager VALUES('d002',10003,'1990-08-05','9999-01-01');
复制
输出：
10001|10002
ANS
SELECT e.emp_no, m.emp_no AS manager_no
FROM dept_emp AS e
INNER JOIN dept_manager AS m
ON e.dept_no=m.dept_no
WHERE e.emp_no!=m.emp_no
AND e.to_date='9999-01-01'
AND m.to_date='9999-01-01'
题目：获取所有员工当前的manager，如果当前的manager是自己的话结果不显示，当前表示to_date=‘9999-01-01'