Android广播事件机制及应用

涉及的主要内容:1) AlarmManager 和 PendingIntent 2) BroadReceiver 3) Notification and NotificationManager 

  1.Android广播事件机制 
     Android的广播事件处理类似于普通的事件处理。不同之处在于,后者是靠点击按钮这样的组件行为来触发,而前者是通过构建Intent对象,使用sentBroadcast()方法来发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递信息。广播事件的接收是通过定义一个继承Broadcast Receiver的类实现的,继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应事件。Android系统中定义了很多标准的Broadcast Action来响应系统广播事件。例如:ACTION_TIME_CHANGED(时间改变时触发)。但是,我们也可以自己定义Broadcast Receiver接收广播事件。 
  2.实现简单的定时提醒功能 
     主要包括三部分部分: 
     1) 定时 - 通过定义Activity发出广播 
     2) 接收广播 - 通过实现BroadcastReceiver接收广播 
     3)   提醒 - 并通过Notification提醒用户 
     现在我们来具体实现这三部分: 
     2.1 如何定时,从而发出广播呢? 
       现在的手机都有闹钟的功能,我们可以利用系统提供的闹钟功能,来定时,即发出广播。具体地,在Android开发中可以用AlarmManager来实现。 
       AlarmManager 提供了一种系统级的提示服务,允许你安排在某个时间执行某一个服务。 
       AlarmManager的使用步骤说明如下: 
       1)获得AlarmManager实例: AlarmManager对象一般不直接实例化,而是通过Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVIECE) 方法获得 
       2)定义一个PendingIntent来发出广播。 
       3)调用AlarmManager的相关方法,设置定时、重复提醒等功能。 
       详细代码如下(ReminderSetting.java):

package com.Reminder;  
import java.util.Calendar;  
  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.AlarmManager;  
import android.app.PendingIntent;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
  
/** 
 * trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm 
 */  
public class ReminderSetting extends Activity {  
      
    Button btnEnable;  
      
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  
          
        /* create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled */  
        btnEnable=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable);  
        btnEnable.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                setReminder(true);  
            }  
        });  
    }  
      
    /** 
     * Set the alarm  
     *  
     * @param b whether enable the Alarm clock or not  
     */  
    private void setReminder(boolean b) {  
          
        // get the AlarmManager instance   
        AlarmManager am= (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);  
        // create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast  
        PendingIntent pi= PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting.this, 0, new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class), 0);  
          
        if(b){  
            // just use current time as the Alarm time.   
            Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance();  
            // schedule an alarm  
            am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi);  
        }  
        else{  
            // cancel current alarm  
            am.cancel(pi);  
        }  
          
    }  
}  

  2.2 接收广播 
       新建一个class 继承BroadcastReceiver,并实现onReceive()方法。当BroadcastReceiver接收到广播后,就会去执行OnReceive()方法。所以,我们在OnReceive()方法中加上代码,当接收到广播后就跳到显示提醒信息的Activity。具体代码如下( MyReceiver.java):

package com.Reminder;  
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.content.Intent;  
  
/** 
 * Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm 
 */  
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {  
  
    /** 
     * called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast. 
     */  
    @Override  
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
          
        /* start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm */  
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
        intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm.class);  
        context.startActivity(intent);  
          
    }  
  
}  

  注意:创建完BroadcastReceiver后,需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册: 
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">     
       <intent-filter> 
        <action android:name= "com.Reminder.MyReceiver" /> 
    </intent-filter> 
</receiver> 
2.3 提醒功能 
       新建一个Activity,我们在这个Activity中通过Android的Notification对象来提醒用户。我们将添加提示音,一个TextView来显示提示内容和并一个button来取消提醒。 
      其中,创建Notification主要包括: 
       1)获得系统级得服务NotificationManager,通过 Context.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获得。 
       2)实例化Notification对象,并设置各种我们需要的属性,比如:设置声音。 
       3)调用NotificationManager的notify()方法显示Notification 
      详细代码如下:MyAlarm.java

package com.Reminder;  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.app.Notification;  
import android.app.NotificationManager;  
import android.net.Uri;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.provider.MediaStore.Audio;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
import android.widget.TextView;  
  
/** 
 * Display the alarm information  
 */  
public class MyAlarm extends Activity {  
  
    /** 
     * An identifier for this notification unique within your application 
     */  
    public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID=1;   
      
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
         setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm);  
          
        // create the instance of NotificationManager  
        final NotificationManager nm=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);  
        // create the instance of Notification  
        Notification n=new Notification();  
        /* set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound */  
          // n.sound=Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/alarm.mp3");  
        n.sound=Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "20");  
        // Post a notification to be shown in the status bar  
        nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n);  
          
        /* display some information */  
        TextView tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification);  
        tv.setText("Hello, it's time to bla bla...");  
          
        /* the button by which you can cancel the alarm */  
        Button btnCancel=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);  
        btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
              
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View arg0) {  
                nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID);  
                finish();  
            }  
        });  
    }  
      
}  

  注:关于提示音设置(Notification.sound),可以参考:http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html 中的相关部分。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/daocaowu/p/3019743.html