Evanyou Blog 彩带

Karen and Supermarket

On the way home, Karen decided to stop by the supermarket to buy some groceries.

$\text{[math]}$

She needs to buy a lot of goods, but since she is a student her budget is still quite limited. In fact, she can only spend up to b dollars.

The supermarket sells n goods. The i-th good can be bought for ci dollars. Of course, each good can only be bought once.

Lately, the supermarket has been trying to increase its business. Karen, being a loyal customer, was given n coupons. If Karen purchases the i-th good, she can use the i-th coupon to decrease its price by di. Of course, a coupon cannot be used without buying the corresponding good.

There is, however, a constraint with the coupons. For all i ≥ 2, in order to use the i-th coupon, Karen must also use the xi-th coupon (which may mean using even more coupons to satisfy the requirement for that coupon).

Karen wants to know the following. What is the maximum number of goods she can buy, without exceeding her budget b?

Input

The first line of input contains two integers n and b (1 ≤ n ≤ 5000, 1 ≤ b ≤ 109), the number of goods in the store and the amount of money Karen has, respectively.

The next n lines describe the items. Specifically:

The i-th line among these starts with two integers, ci and di (1 ≤ di < ci ≤ 109), the price of the i-th good and the discount when using the coupon for the i-th good, respectively.
If i ≥ 2, this is followed by another integer, xi (1 ≤ xi < i), denoting that the xi-th coupon must also be used before this coupon can be used.

Output

Output a single integer on a line by itself, the number of different goods Karen can buy, without exceeding her budget.

Examples

input

Copy

output

Copy

input

Copy

output

Copy

Note

In the first test case, Karen can purchase the following 4 items:

Use the first coupon to buy the first item for 10 - 9 = 1 dollar.
Use the third coupon to buy the third item for 12 - 2 = 10 dollars.
Use the fourth coupon to buy the fourth item for 20 - 18 = 2 dollars.
Buy the sixth item for 2 dollars.

The total cost of these goods is 15, which falls within her budget. Note, for example, that she cannot use the coupon on the sixth item, because then she should have also used the fifth coupon to buy the fifth item, which she did not do here.

In the second test case, Karen has enough money to use all the coupons and purchase everything.

　　分析：

　　考试的时候遇到这道题结果还是一脸懵逼，果然我$DP$还是太弱了，还是得好好补补。

　　考虑用树形$DP$，根据题意构建出一棵树，然后从根节点开始深搜，把每个节点遍历一遍，然后从叶子节点开始向根节点转移状态。

　　定义$f[x][j][0/1]$表示遍历到了第$x$个商品时已经购买了$j$个商品，$0/1$表示第$x$个商品是否打折。

　　那么状态转移方程为：

　　$f[x][j+k][0]=Min(f[x][j+k][0],f[x][j][0]+f[y][k][0]);$

　　$f[x][j+k][1]=Min(f[x][j+k][1],f[x][j][1]+f[y][k][0]);$

　　$f[x][j+k][1]=Min(f[x][j+k][1],f[x][j][1]+f[y][k][1]);$

　　其中$j$和$k$分别表示当前节点和其子节点已经搜过的子树中购买的商品个数。可能有点绕，可以结合代码理解。

　　Code：

//It is made by HolseLee on 15th Aug 2018
//CF815C
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<algorithm>
#define Max(a,b) (a)>(b)?(a):(b)
#define Min(a,b) (a)<(b)?(a):(b)
#define Swap(a,b) (a)^=(b)^=(a)^=(b)
using namespace std;

const int N=5005;
int n,m,head[N],siz,w[N],c[N],rt[N];
long long f[N][N][2];
struct Node{
    int to,nxt;
}edge[N<<1];

inline int read()
{
    char ch=getchar();int num=0;bool flag=false;
    while(ch<'0'||ch>'9'){
        if(ch=='-')flag=true;ch=getchar();
    }
    while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){
        num=num*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();
    }
    return flag?-num:num;
}

inline void add(int x,int y)
{
    edge[++siz].to=y;
    edge[siz].nxt=head[x];
    head[x]=siz;
}

void dfs(int x)
{
    rt[x]=1;f[x][0][0]=0;
    f[x][1][0]=w[x];f[x][1][1]=c[x];
    for(int i=head[x];i;i=edge[i].nxt){
        int y=edge[i].to;
        dfs(y);
        for(int j=rt[x];j>=0;--j)
        for(int k=0;k<=rt[y];++k){
            f[x][j+k][0]=Min(f[x][j+k][0],f[x][j][0]+f[y][k][0]);
            f[x][j+k][1]=Min(f[x][j+k][1],f[x][j][1]+f[y][k][0]);
            f[x][j+k][1]=Min(f[x][j+k][1],f[x][j][1]+f[y][k][1]);
        }
        rt[x]+=rt[y];
    }
}

int main()
{
    //freopen("shopping.in","r",stdin);
    //freopen("shopping.out","w",stdout);
    n=read();m=read();
    memset(f,127/3,sizeof(f));
    w[1]=read();c[1]=read();c[1]=w[1]-c[1];
    int x,y,z;
    for(int i=2;i<=n;++i){
        x=read();y=read();z=read();
        w[i]=x;c[i]=x-y;
        add(z,i);
    }
    dfs(1);
    for(int i=n;i>=0;--i){
        if(f[1][i][0]<=m||f[1][i][1]<=m){
            printf("%d
",i);
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}