Android/Java 中的 String, StringBuffer, StringBuilder的区别和使用

  Android 中的 String, StringBuffer 和 StringBuilder 是移动手机开发中经常使用到的字符串类。做为基础知识是必须要理解的,这里做一些总结。

  A、区别

  可以从以下两个方面来理解

  1、不变和可变。

    String类:使用数组保存字符串,类中的定义如下:

            private final char value[];

    注意到,因为用了final修饰符,所以可以知道string对象是长度不可变的。

    StringBuilder和StringBuffer类:都是继承自AbstractStringBuilder类,在AbstractStringBuilder中也是使用动态的字符数组保存字符串,定义如下:

            char[] value

    注意到,未用到final修饰符,故可知这两种对象都是可变的。

  2、是否线程安全。

    String的对象是不可变的,因此它是线程安全的。

    StringBuffer对方法加了同步锁或者对调用的方法加了同步锁,所以线程是安全的。如下代码所示:

1 public synchronized StringBuffer reverse() {
2     super.reverse();
3     return this;
4 }

    StringBuilder对方法没有进行同步锁,所以是非线程安全的。

    注意:AbstractStringBuilder是StringBuilder和StringBuffer类的公共父类,它定义了一些字符串的基本操作的共同方法。

  B、共同点

  1、在多线程环境下,StringBuffer的效率要比StringBuilder低。

  2、抽象类AbstractStringBuilder是StringBuilder和StringBuffer类的公共父类。他们都调用父类的公共方法。如supper.append(...);

   

  C、属性方法和使用

  String的常用公共方法:

public int lenght()  返回字符串的长度。
public char charAt(int index)  返回字符串位置index处的字符。
public boolean equals(Object o)  比较两个字符串对象,相等则返回true;反之返回false。
public int compareTo(String s)  比较两个字符串字典顺序,相等返回0,s大于当前字符串返回一个负值,s小于当前串返回一个正值。
public boolean regionMatches(int toffset,String other,int ooffset,int len)  从当前字符串位置toffset开始寻找字符串other中起始位置为ooffset 长度为len 的子串。如发现匹配,返回true; 否则,返回false。
public boolean startsWith(String prefix)  从当前字符串的起始位置开始寻找字符串 prefix。如发现匹配,返回true;否则,返回false。
public boolean endsWith(String suffix)  如当前字符串的结尾子串与 suffix 匹配,返回true;否则,返回false。
public int indexOf(String str)  在当前字符串中寻找与str匹配的子串,返回首次匹配的起始下表值;无匹配返回-1。
public String substring(int beginIndex,int endIndex)  在当前字符串中,求从起始位置 beginIndex 到结束位置 endIndex 的子串。
public String concat(String str)  将当前字符串与str连接,返回连接后的字符串。
public String toLowerCase()  将当前字符串全转换为小写形式。
public String toUpperCase()  将当前字符串转换为大写形式。
public char toCharArray()  将当前字符串转换为字符数组。
public Static String valueOf(type variable)  把variable 转换为字符串,其中 type 表示 variable 的数据类型。

  字符串连接的方法:

1 String a = "abc"
2 String b = "xkk"
3 b +=a; 

StringBuffer的常用公共方法

    public int length() 返回缓冲区的字符数
    public int capacity() 返回缓冲区的容量大小,其值为:字符串长度+16。
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(type variable) 把variable转换为字符串,然后与当前字符串连接。
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(Char(char ch) 把字符ch连接到当前串尾。
    public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset,type variable) 把variable转换为字符串,然后插入到当前串中由offset指定的位置。
    public synchronized StringBuffer insert(int offset,char ch) 把字符 ch 插入到当前串由ofset指定的位置。
    public synchronized String toString() 把StringBuffer转换为字符串String。

  字符串连接方法  

1 StringBuffer str= new StringBuffer("kkkxxx."); 
2 str.append("xkk."); 

StringBuilder的常用公共方法   

StringBuilder append(boolean b) 
          Appends the string representation of the boolean argument to the sequence.
 StringBuilder append(char c) 
          Appends the string representation of the char argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(char[] str) 
          Appends the string representation of the char array argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(char[] str, int offset, int len) 
          Appends the string representation of a subarray of the char array argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(CharSequence s) 
          向此 Appendable 添加指定的字符序列。
 StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) 
          Appends a subsequence of the specified CharSequence to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(double d) 
          Appends the string representation of the double argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(float f) 
          Appends the string representation of the float argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(int i) 
          Appends the string representation of the int argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(long lng) 
          Appends the string representation of the long argument to this sequence.
 StringBuilder append(Object obj) 
          Appends the string representation of the Object argument.
 StringBuilder append(String str) 
          Appends the specified string to this character sequence.
 StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) 
          将指定的 StringBuffer 添加到此序列。
 StringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint) 
          Appends the string representation of the codePoint argument to this sequence.
 int capacity() 
          Returns the current capacity.
 char charAt(int index) 
          Returns the char value in this sequence at the specified index.
 int codePointAt(int index) 
          Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index.
 int codePointBefore(int index) 
          Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index.
 int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) 
          Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this sequence.
 StringBuilder delete(int start, int end) 
          Removes the characters in a substring of this sequence.
 StringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index) 
          Removes the char at the specified position in this sequence.
 void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) 
          Ensures that the capacity is at least equal to the specified minimum.
 void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) 
          Characters are copied from this sequence into the destination character array dst.
 int indexOf(String str) 
          Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
 int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 
          Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b) 
          Inserts the string representation of the boolean argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, char c) 
          Inserts the string representation of the char argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str) 
          Inserts the string representation of the char array argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len) 
          Inserts the string representation of a subarray of the str array argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) 
          Inserts the specified CharSequence into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end) 
          Inserts a subsequence of the specified CharSequence into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, double d) 
          Inserts the string representation of the double argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, float f) 
          Inserts the string representation of the float argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, int i) 
          Inserts the string representation of the second int argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, long l) 
          Inserts the string representation of the long argument into this sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj) 
          Inserts the string representation of the Object argument into this character sequence.
 StringBuilder insert(int offset, String str) 
          Inserts the string into this character sequence.
 int lastIndexOf(String str) 
          Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring.
 int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 
          Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
 int length() 
          Returns the length (character count).
 int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) 
          Returns the index within this sequence that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points.
 StringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str) 
          Replaces the characters in a substring of this sequence with characters in the specified String.
 StringBuilder reverse() 
          Causes this character sequence to be replaced by the reverse of the sequence.
 void setCharAt(int index, char ch) 
          The character at the specified index is set to ch.
 void setLength(int newLength) 
          Sets the length of the character sequence.
 CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end) 
          Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
 String substring(int start) 
          Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this character sequence.
 String substring(int start, int end) 
          Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this sequence.
 String toString() 
          Returns a string representing the data in this sequence.
 void trimToSize() 
          Attempts to reduce storage used for the character sequence.

  字符串连接方法  

1 StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
2 sb2.append( "xxxkkk" );

  

  D、参考资料

  1、http://www.cnblogs.com/xudong-bupt/p/3961159.html(java中String、StringBuffer、StringBuilder的区别)

  2、http://www.apihome.cn/api/java/StringBuilder.html(StringBuilder(示例,出错代码))

  3、http://blog.csdn.net/zhzhl29290029/article/details/12339981(黑马程序--JAVA字符串String、StringBuffer、StringBuilder、基本数据类型包装)

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cv-pr/p/4705074.html