解决方案参考：
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8421708/glibcxx-not-found-when-compiling-vtk-example-under-mex
Matlab uses its own glibc librarires, and it's often a big mess because of that.
To solve that problem you should first try to ensure that matlab use a supported version of gcc. Do you get a warning about that when you compile?
If you are sudoer, you can also "force" matlab to use the standard glibc, by doing something like that (I did it, and it works fine):
cd /usr/local/MATLAB/R2011a/sys/os/glnxa64
sudo mkdir old
sudo mv libstdc++.so.6* old
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6