廖雪峰Java4反射与泛型-2注解-3处理注解

1.处理注解

  • 注解本身对对代码逻辑没有任何影响
  • SOURCE类型的注解在编译期就被丢掉了
  • CLASS类型的注解仅保存在class文件中
  • RUNTIME类型的注解在运行期可以被读取
  • 如何使用注解由工具决定

因此如何处理注解只针对RUNTIME类型的注解
如何读取RUNTIME类型的注解
思路:

  • Annotation也是class
  • 所有Annotation继承自java.lang.annotation.Annotation
  • 使用反射API,就可以获取

2.使用反射API读取Annotation

Report.java

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Report {
    int type() default 0;
    String level() default "info";
    String value() default "";
}

Person.java

package com.reflection;
@Report(type=1,level = "error")
public class Person {

}
  • 方法1: 判断某个Annotation是否存在,存在再打印注解的信息
    • Class.isAnnotationPresent(Class)
    • Field.isAnnotationPresent(Class)
    • Method.isAnnotationPresent(Class)
    • Constructor.isAnnotationPresent(Class)
package com.reflection;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Class cls = Person.class;
        if (cls.isAnnotationPresent(Report.class)){
            Report report = (Report) cls.getAnnotation(Report.class);
            int type = report.type();
            String level = report.level();
            System.out.println(type+"	"+level);
        }
    }
}
  • 方法2:获取某个Annotation,注解对象不为空,再打印注解的信息
    * Class.getAnnotation(Class)
    * Field.getAnnotation(Class)
    * Method.getAnnotation(Class)
    * Constructor.getAnnotation(Class)
    * getParameterAnnotations()
package com.reflection;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Class cls = Person.class;
        Report report = (Report) cls.getAnnotation(Report.class);
        if (report != null){
            int type = report.type();
            String level = report.level();
            System.out.println(type+ "	" + level);
        }
    }
}

3.读取方法参数的Annotation:

NotNull.java

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
public @interface NotNull{

}

Range.java

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Range{
    int min() default 1;
    int max() default  100;
}

Hello.java

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Hello {
    public String hello(@NotNull String name,@NotNull @Range(max = 5) int age){
        return name+"	"+age;
    }
}

TestHello.java

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;

public class TestHello {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Class cls = Hello.class;
        Method m = cls.getMethod("hello", String.class, int.class);
        //方法的参数本身可以看作是一个数组,每一个参数又可以定义多个注解。因此一次获取所有方法的注解,要用2维数组来表示
        Annotation[][] annos = m.getParameterAnnotations();
        Parameter[] params = m.getParameters();

        for(int i=0;i<annos.length;i++){
            System.out.print(params[i]+"	{");
            for(Annotation anno:annos[i]){
                System.out.print(anno.toString()+"	");
            }
            System.out.print("}");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

4.读取字段的Annotation

NotNull.java

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface NotNull{
    
}

Range.java

package com.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Range{
    int min() default 1;
    int max() default  100;
}

Person.java

package com.reflection;

public class Person{
    @NotNull
    public String name;
    @Range(max=20)
    public int age;

    public Person(String name,int age){
        this.name=name;
        this.age = age;
    }

}

Main.java

package com.reflection;
//Java注解本身对代码逻辑并不产生任何影响,所以应用的这些注解并不会自动对name和age进行检查,我们需要自己的代码应用这些注解
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Person p1 = new Person("xiaoming",25);
        Person p2 = new Person(null,15);
        checkPerson(p1);
        checkPerson(p2);
    }
    static void checkPerson(Person p) throws Exception{
        System.out.println("check " +p + "...");
        Class cls = Person.class;
        for(Field f:cls.getFields()){
            checkField(f,p);
        }
    }
    static void checkField(Field f,Person p) throws Exception{
        if (f.isAnnotationPresent(NotNull.class)){
            Object r = f.get(p);
            if (r==null){
                System.out.println("Error Field " + f.getName() + "is null...");
            }
        }
        if (f.isAnnotationPresent(Range.class)){
            Range range = f.getAnnotation(Range.class);
            int n = (Integer) f.get(p);//参见反射2field
            if(n < range.min() || n > range.max()){
                System.out.println("Error Field " + f.getName()+ "is out of range...");
            }

        }
    }
}

5.总结:

  • 可以在运行期通过反射读取RUNTIME类型的注解,不要漏写@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  • 可以通过工具处理注解来实现相应的功能
    * 对JavaBean的属性值按规则进行检查
    * JUnit会自动运行@Test注解的测试方法

请根据注解:

  • @NotNull检查该属性为非null
  • @Range检查整形介于minmax,或者检查字符串长度介于minmax
  • @ZipCode: 检查字符串是否全部由数字构成,且长度恰好为value

实现对Java Bean的属性值检查。如果检查为通过,抛出异常

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/csj2018/p/10403146.html