快速排序

排序的分类

1.快速排序详解

 1.1 快速排序

基础版本:

/**
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2013 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
*       Author: crazyacking
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long(LL);
typedef unsigned long long(ULL);
const double eps(1e-8);

class Solution
{
public:
   void QuickSort(vector<int>& ve) // 第一层函数:外包函数
   {
       QSort(ve,0,ve.size()-1);
   }

   void QSort(vector<int>& ve,int low,int high) //第二层函数:递归函数(实现分割数组的作用)
   {
       if(low<high)
       {
           int pos=partition(ve,low,high);
           QSort(ve,low,pos-1);
           QSort(ve,pos+1,high);
       }
   }

   int partition(vector<int>& ve,int low,int high)  // 第三层函数:有序函数(交换数据,使ve[low~high]有序,并返回中间位置)
   {
       int val=ve[low];
       while(low<high)
       {
           while(low<high && ve[high]>=val)
               --high;
           swap(ve[low],ve[high]);
           while(low<high && ve[low]<=val)
               ++low;
           swap(ve[low],ve[high]);
       }
       return low;
   }
};

int main()
{
   int n;
   while(cin>>n)
   {
       vector<int> ve(n);
       for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
           cin>>ve[i];
       Solution solution;
       solution.QuickSort(ve);
       for(auto ptr:ve)
           cout<<ptr<<" ";
       cout<<endl;
   }
   return 0;
}
/*

*/

优化1:三数取中法(尽量使选取的基准数的值位于中间,减少交换次数)

/**
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2013 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
*       Author: crazyacking
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long(LL);
typedef unsigned long long(ULL);
const double eps(1e-8);

class Solution
{
public:
   void QuickSort(vector<int>& ve) // 第一层函数:外包函数
   {
       QSort(ve,0,ve.size()-1);
   }

   void QSort(vector<int>& ve,int low,int high) //第二层函数:递归函数(实现分割数组的作用)
   {
       if(low<high)
       {
           int pos=partition(ve,low,high);
           QSort(ve,low,pos-1);
           QSort(ve,pos+1,high);
       }
   }

   int partition(vector<int>& ve,int low,int high)  // 第三层函数:有序函数(交换数据,使ve[low~high]有序,并返回中间位置)
   {
       //******
       // 优化1:三数取中法:
       // 选择ve[0],ve[middle],ve[end]三个位置的数,取大小在中间的数来作为val
       int mid=(low+high)>>1;
       if(ve[high]<ve[low])
           swap(ve[high],ve[low]);
       if(ve[high]<ve[mid])
           swap(ve[high],ve[mid]);
       if(ve[low]<ve[mid])
           swap(ve[low],ve[mid]);

       int val=ve[low];
       while(low<high)
       {
           while(low<high && ve[high]>=val)
               --high;
           swap(ve[low],ve[high]);
           while(low<high && ve[low]<=val)
               ++low;
           swap(ve[low],ve[high]);
       }
       return low;
   }
};

int main()
{
   int n;
   while(cin>>n)
   {
       vector<int> ve(n);
       for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
           cin>>ve[i];
       Solution solution;
       solution.QuickSort(ve);
       for(auto ptr:ve)
           cout<<ptr<<" ";
       cout<<endl;
   }
   return 0;
}
/*

*/
 

优化2:在排序函数中,直接改变比较的基数,减少交换次数

/**
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 2013 crazyacking.All rights reserved.
* -----------------------------------------------------------------
*       Author: crazyacking
*/
#include <queue>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <climits>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long(LL);
typedef unsigned long long(ULL);
const double eps(1e-8);

class Solution
{
public:
   void QuickSort(vector<int>& ve) // 第一层函数:外包函数
   {
       QSort(ve,0,ve.size()-1);
   }

   void QSort(vector<int>& ve,int low,int high) //第二层函数:递归函数(实现分割数组的作用)
   {
       if(low<high)
       {
           int pos=partition(ve,low,high);
           QSort(ve,low,pos-1);
           QSort(ve,pos+1,high);
       }
   }

   int partition(vector<int>& ve,int low,int high)  // 第三层函数:有序函数(交换数据,使ve[low~high]有序,并返回中间位置)
   {
       //******
       // 优化2:直接改变ve[low]的中间运行值,减少交换次数:
       int mid=(low+high)>>1;
       if(ve[high]<ve[low])
           swap(ve[high],ve[low]);
       if(ve[high]<ve[mid])
           swap(ve[high],ve[mid]);
       if(ve[low]<ve[mid])
           swap(ve[low],ve[mid]);

       int val=ve[low];
       while(low<high)
       {
           while(low<high && ve[high]>=val)
               --high;
           ve[low]=ve[high];
           swap(ve[low],ve[high]);
           while(low<high && ve[low]<=val)
               ++low;
           ve[high]=ve[low];
       }
       //*** 还原
       ve[low]=val;
       return low;
   }
};

int main()
{
   int n;
   while(cin>>n)
   {
       vector<int> ve(n);
       for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
           cin>>ve[i];
       Solution solution;
       solution.QuickSort(ve);
       for(auto ptr:ve)
           cout<<ptr<<" ";
       cout<<endl;
   }
   return 0;
}
/*

*/

其他优化方法:

  1.数组长度小时,使用插入排序.因为对于小数据而言,插入排序的性能更好.

  2.将递归写成尾递归的形式,节约栈空间.

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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/crazyacking/p/3659366.html