调试std::string

    首先需要了解std::string的实现原理
    string是STL中最为常用的类型,它是模板类basic_string用char类型特化后的结果,下面我们来看一下string类型的基本组成:

typedef basic_string<char> string;

struct _Rep_base
{
size_type _M_length;
size_type _M_capacity;
_Atomic_word _M_refcount;
};

struct _Alloc_hider
{
_CharT* _M_p; 
};

mutable _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
_M_data() const { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
_Rep* _M_rep() const { return &((reinterpret_cast<_rep *> (_M_data()))[-1]); }

    string只有一个成员_M_dataplus。但是这里需要注意的是,string类在实现的时候用了比较巧的方法,在_M_dataplus._M_p中保存了用户的数据,在_M_dataplus._M_p的第一个元素前面的位置,保存了string类本身所需要的一些信息rep。这样做的好处,一方面不增加string类的额外开销,另一方面可以保证用户在调试器(GDB)中用_M_dataplus._M_p查看数据内容的时候,不受干扰。用户可以通过reinterpret_cast<_rep *> (_M_data()))[-1])来查看rep相关的信息,也可以调用_M_rep()函数来查看。

(gdb) p &base
$3 = (const std::locale::string *) 0x7fffffffe9d0

    拿到string的_Rep结构

(gdb) p *((const std::locale::string* )0x7fffffffe9d0)->_M_rep()
$9 = {
<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Rep_base> = {
_M_length = 10485760,
_M_capacity = 10489799,
_M_refcount = 0
},
members of std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Rep:
static _S_max_size = 4611686018427387897,
static _S_terminal = 0 '00',
static _S_empty_rep_storage = {0, 0, 0, 0}
}

    如果进程已经不存在了,无法调用->_M_rep(),会报错:

(gdb) p (('google::protobuf::internal::LogMessage::string' *) 0x2e560500)->_M_rep()
You can't do that without a process to debug.

   我还遇到过一种情况,在多线程环境中,调用->_M_rep()会有如下报错:

(gdb) p this->mRequest->data_->_M_rep()
[Switching to Thread 0x51931940 (LWP 10454)]

Breakpoint 1, XXXX::XXXX::XXXXX::Run (this=0xa522700) at build/release64/XXXX/XXXXXX/XXXXXX/xxx.cpp:71
71	in build/release64/XXXX/XXXXXX/XXXXXX/xxx.cpp
The program stopped in another thread while making a function call from GDB. Evaluation of the expression containing the function

 这是因为gdb在执行->_M_rep()函数时发生了线程切换,或者有其他线程同样执行到了break点,这种情况的一个解决方法是调整gdb的scheduler-locking策略(http://ftp.gnu.org/old-gnu/Manuals/gdb/html_node/gdb_39.html#SEC40):

(gdb) show scheduler-locking
Mode for locking scheduler during execution is "step".
(gdb) set scheduler-locking on
(gdb) c
Continuing.


  如果没法通过->_M_rep()函数找到_Rep结构,那么只能通过下面的方法找:
1)找到_M_p结构:

(gdb) p (('google::protobuf::internal::LogMessage::string' *) 0x2e560500)->_M_dataplus
$11 = {
<std::allocator<char>> = {
<__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<char>> = {<No data fields>}, <No data fields>},
members of std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Alloc_hider:
_M_p = 0x7f9b39706018 ""
}


2)找_M_p指针前面的三个double word:

(gdb) x/32dg 0x7f9b39706018 - 32
0x7f9b39705ff8:	-6052009417173884928	524288
0x7f9b39706008:	528327	4294967295
0x7f9b39706018:	0	0

上图中,524288就是_Rep的_M_length,528327就是_Rep的_M_capacity,4294967295就是_Rep的_M_refcount,这儿实际上是-1。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cobbliu/p/5841955.html