[LeetCode] 1404. Number of Steps to Reduce a Number in Binary Representation to One

Given a number s in their binary representation. Return the number of steps to reduce it to 1 under the following rules:

  • If the current number is even, you have to divide it by 2.

  • If the current number is odd, you have to add 1 to it.

It's guaranteed that you can always reach to one for all testcases.

Example 1:

Input: s = "1101"
Output: 6
Explanation: "1101" corressponds to number 13 in their decimal representation.
Step 1) 13 is odd, add 1 and obtain 14. 
Step 2) 14 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 7.
Step 3) 7 is odd, add 1 and obtain 8.
Step 4) 8 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 4.  
Step 5) 4 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 2. 
Step 6) 2 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 1.  

Example 2:

Input: s = "10"
Output: 1
Explanation: "10" corressponds to number 2 in their decimal representation.
Step 1) 2 is even, divide by 2 and obtain 1.  

Example 3:

Input: s = "1"
Output: 0

Constraints:

  • 1 <= s.length <= 500
  • s consists of characters '0' or '1'
  • s[0] == '1'

将二进制表示减到 1 的步骤数。

给你一个以二进制形式表示的数字 s 。请你返回按下述规则将其减少到 1 所需要的步骤数:

如果当前数字为偶数,则将其除以 2 。

如果当前数字为奇数,则将其加上 1 。

题目保证你总是可以按上述规则将测试用例变为 1 。

来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-steps-to-reduce-a-number-in-binary-representation-to-one
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既然处理的是一个以字符串表示的二进制数字,那么我们就按照规则和需求进行处理。最终的目的是把这个二进制数变成1,所以我们从右往左扫描input字符串,如果遇到0则可以除以2,这里除以2相当于是位运算里的右移一位,需要一步;如果遇到1,则对其 + 1并且再除以2,这里需要两步。在计算的过程中我们需要记录进位carry。

此时我们有一个已经用到的步数step和一个进位carry。

如果当前位置上是0且carry = 0,则可以除以2,这里花费一步

如果当前位置上是0且carry = 1,则需要花费两步,一步是+1,另一步是除以2;此时carry仍然是1

如果当前位置上是1且carry = 0,则需要花费两步,一步是+1,另一步是除以2;此时carry是1

如果当前位置上是1且carry = 1,则可以除以2,这里花费一步

注意题目条件有这一条,s[0] == '1',所以第一位要特判,从右往左扫描的时候要在第一位停下。最后看一下,如果依然进位carry = 0,则已经满足题意;如果进位carry = 1,则加上进位之后s[0] = 0,此时要变回1则还需要再 + 1。

时间O(n)

空间O(1)

Java实现

 1 class Solution {
 2     public int numSteps(String s) {
 3         int step = 0;
 4         // corner case
 5         if (s.length() == 1) {
 6             if (s.charAt(0) == '0') {
 7                 step++;
 8             }
 9             return step;
10         }
11 
12         // normal case
13         int carry = 0;
14         for (int i = s.length() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
15             // '0'
16             if (s.charAt(i) == '0') {
17                 if (carry == 0) {
18                     // 右移一步
19                     step++;
20                 } else {
21                     step += 2;
22                     carry = 1;
23                 }
24             }
25             // '1'
26             else {
27                 if (carry == 0) {
28                     step += 2;
29                 } else {
30                     step++;
31                 }
32                 carry = 1;
33             }
34         }
35         return step + carry;
36     }
37 }

LeetCode 题目总结

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cnoodle/p/14025673.html