2017ACM暑期多校联合训练

题目链接

Problem Description
You are given a permutation a from 0 to n−1 and a permutation b from 0 to m−1.

Define that the domain of function f is the set of integers from 0 to n−1, and the range of it is the set of integers from 0 to m−1.

Please calculate the quantity of different functions f satisfying that f(i)=bf(ai) for each i from 0 to n−1.

Two functions are different if and only if there exists at least one integer from 0 to n−1 mapped into different integers in these two functions.

The answer may be too large, so please output it in modulo 109+7.

Input
The input contains multiple test cases.

For each case:

The first line contains two numbers n, m. (1≤n≤100000,1≤m≤100000)

The second line contains n numbers, ranged from 0 to n−1, the i-th number of which represents ai−1.

The third line contains m numbers, ranged from 0 to m−1, the i-th number of which represents bi−1.

It is guaranteed that ∑n≤106, ∑m≤106.

Output
For each test case, output "Case #x: y" in one line (without quotes), where x indicates the case number starting from 1 and y denotes the answer of corresponding case.

Sample Input
3 2
1 0 2
0 1
3 4
2 0 1
0 2 3 1

Sample Output
Case #1: 4
Case #2: 4

题意:
有两个,数组a是[0~n-1]的排列,数组b是[0~m-1]的排列。现在定义f(i)=b[f(a[i])];

  • 问f(i)有多少种取值,使得表达式f(i)=b[f(a[i])]全部合法。

分析:
以第一个样例 a={1,0,2} b={0,1}为例:

那么f(0)=b[f(1)] f(1)=b[f(0)] f(2)=b[f(2)]

这里有两个环分别为 f(0)->f(1) 和f(2)

所以我们的任务就是在b中找环,该环的长度必须为a中环的长度的约数。

为什么必须的是约数呢?
因为如果b的环的长度是a的环的长度的约数的话,那也就意味着用b这个环也能构成a这个环,只不过是多循环了几次而已。

然后找到a中所有环的方案数,累乘便是答案。

为什么要累乘呢?我最开始一直以为要累加。

这个就用到了排列组合的思想,因为肯定要f(i)肯定要满足所有的数,而a中的每个环都相当于从a中取出几个数的方案数,所以总共的方案数应该累乘。

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
const int max_n=100010;
const int mod=1e9+7;
int n,m;
int a[max_n],b[max_n],len_b[max_n];
bool vis[max_n];
vector <int>A,fac[max_n];

///构建环,并返回环的大小
int dfs(int N,int *c)
{
    if(vis[N])
        return 0;
    vis[N]=1;
    return dfs(c[N],c)+1;
}


void get_fac()
{
    for(int i=1; i<=100000; i++)///fac[j]里面保存的是长度为j的环的因子
    {
        for(int j=i; j<=100000; j+=i)
            fac[j].push_back(i);
    }
}

int main()
{
    int Case=0;
    get_fac();
    while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m))
    {
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
            scanf("%d",&b[i]);
        A.clear();
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
        {
            if(vis[i]) continue;
            A.push_back(dfs(i,a));///a数组中环的长度,重复的长度也是保存的
        }
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        memset(len_b,0,sizeof(len_b));
        for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
        {
            if(vis[i]) continue;
            len_b[dfs(i,b)]++;///b数组中长度为dfs(i,b)的环的个数
        }
        long long int ans=1;
        for(int i=0,L=A.size(); i<L; i++)
        {
            int la=A[i];///取出a中的一个长度为la的环
            long long res=0;
            for(int j=0,ll=fac[la].size(); j<ll; j++)
            {
                int lb=fac[la][j];///lb是长度为la的环的一个因子
                res=(res+(long long )lb*len_b[lb])%mod;///因子个数乘以环的个数就是一功德方案数
            }
            ans=ans*res%mod;
        }
        printf("Case #%d: %lld
",++Case,ans);

    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cmmdc/p/7241354.html