课程模块表结构

课程模块

我们要开始写课程模块了~~课程模块都有哪些功能呢~~

我们的课程模块，包括了免费课程以及专题课程两个方向~~

主要是课程的展示，点击课程进入课程详细页面~~

课程详细页面展示，课程的概述，课程的价格策略，课程章节，评价以及常见问题~~

以及一些周边的字段~~~这是主线路~~

根据功能设计表结构

对照着对标路飞网站，我们可以先讨论下表结构~~

我们初步能够确定下来12张表~~

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation, GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType

# Create your models here.
__all__ = ["Category", "Course", "CourseDetail", "Teacher", "DegreeCourse", "CourseChapter",
           "CourseSection", "PricePolicy", "OftenAskedQuestion", "Comment", "Account", "CourseOutline"]


class Category(models.Model):
    """课程分类表"""
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="课程的分类")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "01-课程分类表"
        db_table = verbose_name  # 数据库表名
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name  # 复数


class Course(models.Model):
    """课程表"""
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True, verbose_name="课程的名称")
    course_img = models.ImageField(upload_to="course/%Y-%m", verbose_name='课程的图片')
    # media/course/2018-11/xxx.png
    category = models.ForeignKey(to="Category", verbose_name="课程的分类")
    COURSE_TYPE_CHOICES = ((0, "付费"), (1, "vip专享"), (2, "学位课程"))
    course_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=COURSE_TYPE_CHOICES)
    degree_course = models.ForeignKey(to="DegreeCourse", blank=True, null=True, help_text="如果是学位课程，必须关联学位表")
    # course_type    degree_course_id
    #  0                null
    #  1                null
    #  2                2

    brief = models.CharField(verbose_name="课程简介", max_length=1024)
    level_choices = ((0, '初级'), (1, '中级'), (2, '高级'))
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=level_choices, default=1)
    status_choices = ((0, '上线'), (1, '下线'), (2, '预上线'))
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0)
    pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", blank=True, null=True)
    order = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="课程顺序", help_text="从上一个课程数字往后排, 建议中间空几个数字")
    study_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学习人数", help_text="只要有人买课程，订单表加入数据的同时给这个字段+1")
    is_free = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    # order_details = GenericRelation("OrderDetail", related_query_name="course")
    # coupon = GenericRelation("Coupon")
    # 只用于反向查询不生成字段
    price_policy = GenericRelation("PricePolicy")
    often_ask_questions = GenericRelation("OftenAskedQuestion")
    course_comments = GenericRelation("Comment")

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.course_type == 2:
            if not self.degree_course:
                raise ValueError("学位课必须关联学位课程表")
        super(Course, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "02-课程表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class CourseDetail(models.Model):
    """课程详细表"""
    course = models.OneToOneField(to="Course")
    hours = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="课时")
    course_slogan = models.CharField(max_length=125, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="课程口号")
    video_brief_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    summary = models.TextField(max_length=2048, verbose_name="课程概述")
    why_study = models.TextField(verbose_name="为什么学习这门课程")
    service = models.TextField(verbose_name="你将获得哪些服务")
    what_to_study_brief = models.TextField(verbose_name="我将学到哪些内容")
    career_improvement = models.TextField(verbose_name="此项目如何有助于我的职业生涯")
    prerequisite = models.TextField(verbose_name="课程先修要求", max_length=1024)
    recommend_courses = models.ManyToManyField("Course", related_name="recommend_by", blank=True)
    teachers = models.ManyToManyField("Teacher", verbose_name="课程讲师")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.course.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "03-课程详细表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Teacher(models.Model):
    """讲师表"""
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="讲师名字")
    brief = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="讲师介绍")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "04-教师表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class DegreeCourse(models.Model):
    """
    字段大体跟课程表相同，哪些不同根据业务逻辑去区分
    """
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="学位课程名字")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "05-学位课程表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class CourseChapter(models.Model):
    """课程章节表"""
    course = models.ForeignKey(to="Course", related_name="course_chapters")
    # 排序用的
    chapter = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, verbose_name="第几章")
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="课程章节名称")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "06-课程章节表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ("course", "chapter")


class CourseSection(models.Model):
    """课时表"""
    chapter = models.ForeignKey(to="CourseChapter", related_name="course_sections")
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="课时")
    section_order = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="课时排序", help_text="建议每个课时之间空1至2个值，以备后续插入课时")
    section_type_choices = ((0, '文档'), (1, '练习'), (2, '视频'))
    free_trail = models.BooleanField("是否可试看", default=False)
    section_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=2, choices=section_type_choices)
    section_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, help_text="若是video，填vid,若是文档，填link")

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s-%s" % (self.chapter, self.title)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "07-课程课时表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ('chapter', 'section_link')


class PricePolicy(models.Model):
    """价格策略表"""
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType)
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    # 关联course or degree_course
    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')

    valid_period_choices = ((1, '1天'), (3, '3天'),
                            (7, '1周'), (14, '2周'),
                            (30, '1个月'),
                            (60, '2个月'),
                            (90, '3个月'),
                            (120, '4个月'),
                            (180, '6个月'), (210, '12个月'),
                            (540, '18个月'), (720, '24个月')
                            )
    valid_period = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=valid_period_choices)
    price = models.FloatField()

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s(%s)%s" % (self.content_object, self.get_valid_period_display(), self.price)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "08-价格策略表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ("content_type", 'object_id', "valid_period")


class OftenAskedQuestion(models.Model):
    """常见问题"""
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType)  # 关联course or degree_course
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')

    question = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    answer = models.TextField(max_length=1024)

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s-%s" % (self.content_object, self.question)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "09-常见问题表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ('content_type', 'object_id', 'question')


class Comment(models.Model):
    """通用的评论表"""
    # 定位表
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, blank=True, null=True)
    # 定位对象的id
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    # 定位对象
    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')

    content = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="评论内容")
    account = models.ForeignKey("Account", verbose_name="会员名")
    date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "10-评价表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Account(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="用户姓名")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "11-用户表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class CourseOutline(models.Model):
    """课程大纲"""
    course_detail = models.ForeignKey(to="CourseDetail", related_name="course_outline")
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    order = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=1)
    # 前端显示顺序

    content = models.TextField("内容", max_length=2048)

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s" % self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "12-课程大纲表"
        db_table = verbose_name
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ('course_detail', 'title')

media配置

图片位置需要在settings配置下

# media配置
MEDIA_URL = "media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from app import settings
from django.views.static import serve

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^api/course/', include("course.urls")),
    
    # media路径配置
    url(r'media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT})
]

接口的编写

图片位置需要在settings配置下

我们表结构定下来以后，可以根据业务场景看需要哪些接口~~~

对于我们课程这个模块，所有的功能都是展示，基于数据展示的，我们通常称为数据接口~~

这种接口对于我们来说是最简单的~~因为我们只是从数据库拿数据~然后进行展示~~

我们来看下都需要哪些接口~~~

　　-- 课程页面  有课程所有分类这个接口

　　-- 课程页面  有展示课程的接口

　　-- 点击课程进入课程详情页面，详情页面的数据接口~~

　　-- 详情页面下的子路由对应子组件的数据接口

　　　　-- 课程章节课时

　　　　-- 课程的评论

　　　　-- 课程的常见问题

这些所有的数据接口~~套路都是读取数据库，序列化数据，返回~~~

那主要就是用DRF的序列化组件~~那我们从路由~然后序列化组件~然后看视图~~

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from .views import CourseListView, CourseCategoryView, CourseDetailView, CourseChapterView
from .views import CourseCommentView, OftenAskedQuestionView

# 在项目路由下做了一层分发
# url(r'^api/course/', include("course.urls")),
urlpatterns = [
    url(r"^$", CourseListView.as_view()),
    url(r"^category$", CourseCategoryView.as_view()),
    url(r"^detail/(?P<pk>d+)$", CourseDetailView.as_view()),
    url(r"^(?P<pk>d+)/chapters$", CourseChapterView.as_view()),
    url(r"^(?P<pk>d+)/comment$", CourseCommentView.as_view()),
    url(r"^(?P<pk>d+)/often-asked-question$", OftenAskedQuestionView.as_view()),

class CourseCategoryView(APIView):
    """课程分类接口"""

    def get(self, request):
        queryset = Category.objects.all()
        ser_obj = CourseCategorySerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)


class CourseListView(APIView):
    """查看所有免费课程的接口"""
    def get(self, request):
        category_id = request.query_params.get("category", 0)
        if category_id == 0:
            # 证明没有分类，可以拿所有的课程数据
            queryset = Course.objects.all().order_by("order")
        else:
            queryset = Course.objects.filter(category_id=category_id).order_by("order")
        ser_obj = CourseSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)


class CourseDetailView(APIView):
    """课程详情页面"""
    def get(self, request, pk):
        course_detail_obj = CourseDetail.objects.filter(course__id=pk).first()
        if course_detail_obj:
            ser_obj = CourseDetailSerializer(course_detail_obj)
            return Response(ser_obj.data)
        else:
            return Response({"code": "1001", "msg": "查询的课程不存在"})


class CourseChapterView(APIView):
    """课程章节接口"""
    def get(self, request, pk):
        # 首先我们要清楚数据结构
        # 我们要的是[章节一：{课时，课时2}]
        queryset = CourseChapter.objects.filter(course_id=pk).order_by("chapter")
        ser_obj = CourseChapterSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)


class CourseCommentView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        queryset = Course.objects.filter(pk=pk).first().course_comments.all()
        ser_obj = CourseCommentSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)


class OftenAskedQuestionView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        queryset = Course.objects.filter(pk=pk).first().often_ask_questions.all()
        ser_obj = OftenAskQuestionSerializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(ser_obj.data)

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models


class CategorySerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Category
        fields = "__all__"


class CourseSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 有些字段自己重写
    level = serializers.CharField(source="get_level_display")

    price = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_price(self, obj):
        price_policy_obj = obj.price_policy.all().order_by("price").first()
        # print(obj)
        # print(type(price_policy_obj))
        return price_policy_obj.price

    course_img = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_course_img(self, obj):
        return "http://127.0.0.1:8000/media/" + str(obj.course_img)


    class Meta:
        model = models.Course
        fields = ["id", "title", "course_img", "brief", "level", "study_num", "is_free", "price"]


class CourseDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    # 自己获取字段
    title = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    level = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    study_num = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    recommend_courses = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    teachers = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    outline = serializers.SerializerMethodField()  # 大纲
    price_policy = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_title(self, obj):
        return obj.course.title

    def get_level(self, obj):
        return obj.course.get_level_display()

    def get_study_num(self, obj):
        return obj.course.study_num

    def get_recommend_courses(self, obj):
        return [{"id": item.id, "title": item.title} for item in obj.recommend_courses.all()]

    def get_teachers(self, obj):
        return [{"id": teacher.id, "name": teacher.name, "brief": teacher.brief} for teacher in obj.teachers.all()]

    def get_outline(self, obj):
        return [{"id": item.id, "title": item.title, "content": item.content} for item in
                obj.course_outline.all().order_by("order")]

    def get_price_policy(self, obj):
        return [{"id": item.id, "valid_period": item.get_valid_period_display(), "price": item.price} for item in
                obj.course.price_policy.all().order_by("price")]

    class Meta:
        model = models.CourseDetail
        # fields = "__all__"
        exclude = ["course"]

我们的课程的视图还可以重写编写一下~~利用我们之前学的视图的封装的那些类~~

class CourseCategoryView(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = Category.objects.all()
    serializer_class = CourseCategorySerializer
    """课程分类接口"""

    # def get(self, request):
    #     queryset = Category.objects.all()
    #     ser_obj = CourseCategorySerializer(queryset, many=True)
    #     return Response(ser_obj.data)


class CourseChapterView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = CourseChapter.objects.all()
    serializer_class = CourseChapterSerializer
    # 指定过滤的类 用排序的过滤类
    filter_backends = (filters.OrderingFilter,)
    # 排序的字段
    ordering = ("chapter",)

    # def get(self, request, pk):
    #     # 首先我们要清楚数据结构
    #     # 我们要的是[章节一：{课时，课时2}]
    #     queryset = CourseChapter.objects.filter(course_id=pk).order_by("chapter")
    #     ser_obj = CourseChapterSerializer(queryset, many=True)
    #     return Response(ser_obj.data)

我们可以根据上面的更改的视图的示例~~来更改我们所有的视图~~小伙伴们~自己动起手来吧~~

我们课程这个模块下的数据接口我们就介绍这些~~

我们这里涉及课程图片~~用我们Django的mediaURL~~

Django的MEDIA配置

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# Media配置
MEDIA_URL = "media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from django.views.static import serve
from new_luffy import settings


urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^api/course/', include("course.urls")),

    # media路径配置
    url(r'media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT})
]

这样我们上传的图片~数据库存的是路径地址~~我们前端向后端的media路径发送请求~~

拿到我们想要的图片，视频等资源~~