【C++】SGI-STL空间配置器

第一级配置器是对C的内存分配函数malloc,free,realloc的简单封装,用来分配大于128bytes的区块。

第二级配置器管理16个free-lists链表,各自管理8-128bytes的小额区块。

链表节点结构如下:

union obj //free_list节点
{
    union obj* free_list_link;
};

当一个区块未被使用时,其前端sizeof(obj)的空间用于存放union obj,因此可通过free_list_link指针找到下一个区块。

当需要一个区块时,直接将该区块的首地址(即指向该区块的free_list_link)返回,使用过程中,该区块的前部union被覆盖,因此不会造成空间的浪费。

代码如下:

class alloc
{
private:
    static size_t ROUND_UP(size_t bytes) //将bytes上调至8的倍数
    {
        return (((bytes)+__ALIGN - 1)&~(__ALIGN - 1));
    }
private:
    union obj //free_list节点
    {
        union obj* free_list_link;
    };
private:
    static obj* volatile free_list[__NFREELISTS];
    static size_t FREELIST_INDEX(size_t bytes)
    {
        return (((bytes)+__ALIGN - 1) / __ALIGN - 1);
    }
    static void* refill(size_t n); //返回大小为n的对象,并可能加入大小为n的其他区块到free_list
    static char* chunk_alloc(size_t size, int &nodejs);

    static char* start_free; //内存池起始
    static char* end_free; //内存池结束
    static size_t heap_size; //?

public:
    static void* allocate(size_t n);
    static void deallocate(void* p, size_t n);
    static void* reallocate(void* p, size_t old_sz, size_t new_sz);

};

char* alloc::start_free = 0;
char* alloc::end_free = 0;
size_t alloc::heap_size = 0;
alloc::obj* volatile alloc::free_list[__NFREELISTS] = { nullptr };

void* alloc::allocate(size_t n)
{
    obj* volatile* my_free_list; // volatile修饰的是*my_free_list
    obj* result;
    if (n > static_cast<size_t>(__MAX_BYTES))
    {
        return malloc(n);
    }

    my_free_list = free_list + FREELIST_INDEX(n);
    result = *my_free_list;
    if (result == nullptr) //没找到可用free_list
    {
        void* r = refill(ROUND_UP(n));
        return r;
    }
    *my_free_list = result->free_list_link;
    return result;
}
void alloc::deallocate(void* p, size_t n)
{
    obj* q = (obj*)p;
    obj* volatile* my_free_list;

    if (n > (size_t)__MAX_BYTES)
    {
        free(p);
        return;
    }
    my_free_list = free_list + FREELIST_INDEX(n);
    q->free_list_link = *my_free_list;
    *my_free_list = q;
}
void* alloc::refill(size_t n)
{
    int nobjs = 20;
    char* chunk = chunk_alloc(n, nobjs);
    obj* volatile* my_free_list;
    obj* result;
    obj* current_obj, *next_obj;
    if (nobjs == 1)return (chunk);
    my_free_list = free_list + FREELIST_INDEX(n);
    result = (obj*)chunk; //这一块返回给客端
    *my_free_list = next_obj = next_obj = (obj*)(chunk + n); //chunk~chunk+n已经分配给客户端
    //将free list的各节点串接起来

    for (int i = 1;; ++i)
    {
        current_obj = next_obj;
        next_obj = (obj*)((char*)next_obj + n);
        if (nobjs - 1 == i)
        {
            current_obj->free_list_link = nullptr;
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            current_obj->free_list_link = next_obj;
        }
    }
    return result;
}
char* alloc::chunk_alloc(size_t size, int& nobjs) //尝试从内存池分配单个大小为size,数量为nobjs的区块
{
    char* result;
    size_t total_bytes = size*nobjs;
    size_t bytes_left = end_free - start_free;

    if (bytes_left >= total_bytes) //内存剩余空间完全满足需求
    {
        result = start_free;
        start_free += total_bytes;
        return result;
    }
    else if (bytes_left>=size) //不能完全满足需求,但能供应>=1个区块
    {
        nobjs = bytes_left / size;
        total_bytes = size*nobjs;
        result = start_free;
        start_free += total_bytes;
        return result;
    }
    else
    {
        size_t bytes_to_get = 2 * total_bytes + ROUND_UP(heap_size >> 4);
        if (bytes_left > 0)
        {
            obj* volatile* my_free_list = free_list + FREELIST_INDEX(bytes_left);
            ((obj*)start_free)->free_list_link = *my_free_list;
            *my_free_list = (obj*)start_free;
        }

        start_free = (char*)malloc(bytes_to_get); //配置heap空间
        if (start_free == nullptr) //heap空间不足
        {
            obj* volatile* my_free_list, *p;
            for (int i = size; i <= __MAX_BYTES; i += __ALIGN) //寻找尚未使用的足够大(至少>=size)的区块,
            {
                my_free_list = free_list + FREELIST_INDEX(i); //寻找大小为i的区块所在地
                p = *my_free_list;
                if (p)
                {
                    *my_free_list = p->free_list_link; //将该区块取出
                    start_free = (char*)p; //将其编入内存池
                    end_free = start_free + i;
                    return chunk_alloc(size, nobjs); //递归调用,修正nobjs
                }
            }
            end_free = 0; //彻底没内存
            throw; //抛出异常
        }
        heap_size += bytes_to_get; //从堆里获取的空间
        end_free = start_free + bytes_to_get;
        return (chunk_alloc(size, nobjs));
    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cknightx/p/6758635.html