redis

安装redis

brew install redis 
brew services start redis
pip3 install redis

redis数据类型

1. 字符串

设置值 set

127.0.0.1:6379> set name daxiong
OK

获取单个key的值 get

127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"daxiong"

获取指定索引 getrange

127.0.0.1:6379> getrange name 2 6
"xiong"

GETSET 重新赋值key, 返回原来的值

127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET name xiaoxiong
"daxiong"
127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"xiaoxiong"

获取多个key的值 mget

127.0.0.1:6379> SET age 38
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get age
"38"
127.0.0.1:6379> mget name age
1) "xiaoxiong"
2) "38"

设置key并指定过期时间 SETEX

127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX sex 3 male
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get sex
"male"
127.0.0.1:6379> get sex
(nil)

设置不存在的key, 如果key存在，无法设置成功 SETNX

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS money
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX money 10000
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX money 9999
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> GET money
"10000"

获取字符串长度STRLEN

127.0.0.1:6379> GET money
"10000"
127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN money
(integer) 5

字符串如果为数字，做加法运算INCRBY

127.0.0.1:6379> GET money
"10000"
127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN money
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY money 99
(integer) 10099

字符串如果为整数，做减法运算DECRBY

127.0.0.1:6379> GET money
"10099"
127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY money 99
(integer) 10000
127.0.0.1:6379> GET money
"10000"

字符串拼接APPEND

127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"xiaoxiong"
127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND name lovedaxiong
(integer) 20
127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"xiaoxionglovedaxiong"

2.hash

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET people name daxiong age 18
(integer) 2

单查

127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people name
"daxiong"
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people age
"18"

多查

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL people
1) "name"
2) "daxiong"
3) "age"
4) "18"

查看哈希表key中指定的字段是否存在

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS people name
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS people name2
(integer) 0

字段name存在返回1（True），字段name2不存在返回0（False）

获取哈希表字段的数量

127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN people
(integer) 2

获取哈希表中的字段

127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS people
1) "name"
2) "age"

获取哈希表中所有的值

127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS people
1) "daxiong"
2) "18"

字段不存在时候设置哈希表的值

使用HSET 赋值，可以覆盖已存在的值

127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people name
"daxiong"
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people age
"18"
127.0.0.1:6379> HSET people name xiaoxiong
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people name
"xiaoxiong"

使用HSETNX 赋值，只能给不存在的字段赋值，已存在的字段赋值不覆盖原有的值

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET people sex nan
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people sex
"nan"

删（可以多删）

127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL people name age
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people name
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> HGET people age
(nil)

3.列表

设置值

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH status success warning failure
(integer) 3

末尾插入值

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSHX status danger
(integer) 4

获取值

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE status 0 -1
1) "success"
2) "warning"
3) "failure"
4) "danger"

修改值

127.0.0.1:6379> LSET status 3 dangerous
OK

移除列表最后一个元素

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP status 
"dangerous"

4.集合

添加值

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD python django mysql redis rabbitmq
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> SADD java spring mysql redis kafka
(integer) 4

查看值

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS python
1) "django"
2) "rabbitmq"
3) "redis"
4) "mysql"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS java
1) "kafka"
2) "spring"
3) "redis"
4) "mysql"

查看集合数量

127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD python
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD java
(integer) 4

求集合差集

127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF python java
1) "django"
2) "rabbitmq"
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF java python
1) "spring"
2) "kafka"

求集合交集

127.0.0.1:6379> SINTERSTORE pJava python java
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS pJava
1) "redis"
2) "mysql"

求集合并集

127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION python java
1) "mysql"
2) "django"
3) "rabbitmq"
4) "spring"
5) "kafka"
6) "redis"

5.有序集合

添加

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD score 30 a1 60 a2 10 a3 90 a4
(integer) 4

获取集合的数量

127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD score 
(integer) 4

指定索引范围从高到低获取集合的对象

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE score 0 -1
1) "a4"
2) "a2"
3) "a1"
4) "a3"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE score 0 2
1) "a4"
2) "a2"
3) "a1"

指定value 范围从高到低获取集合的对象

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE  score 80 20
1) "a2"
2) "a1"

对集合value做加法并重新赋值

127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY score 100 a3
"110"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE score 0 2
1) "a3"
2) "a4"
3) "a2"

python使用redis

1. 安装

pip3 install redis

2. 直接使用

import redis

# 直接使用
r = redis.Redis()
r.getset('name', 'xiaoxiong')
print(r.get('name'))


r1 = redis.Redis()
print(r1.get('name'))

3. 连接池使用

import redis

pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379, max_connections=100)
r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
r.getset('name', 'xiaoxiong')
print(r.get('name'))


r1 = redis.Redis()
print(r1.get('name'))

4. 作为缓存数据库使用

安装django-redis 依赖

pip3 install django-redis

配置文件中配置缓存指向redis

# 缓存 - redis
CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
            "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {"max_connections": 100}
        }
    }
}

测试代码

from django.core.cache import cache
import os
import django
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'luffyapi.settings.dev')
django.setup()
cache.set('name', 'bigBear')
print(cache.get('name'))

# nx = True key值不存在才创建， 存在不创建
cache.set('test01', 000, nx=True)
print(cache.get('test01'))
cache.set('test01', 111, nx=True)
print(cache.get('test01'))