CRM中QueryDict和模型表知识补充
1.QueryDict的用法
request.GET的用法：
1.在页面上输入：http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
print(request.GET,type(request.GET))
<QueryDict: {}> <class 'django.http.request.QueryDict'>
在收到GET请求后，Django会将后面的参数以字典的形式接收。如果无参数就显示空字典
2.在页面上输入：http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/?page=2
<QueryDict: {'page': ['2']}> <class 'django.http.request.QueryDict'>
3.request.GET["name"]="jerd" #直接进行添加操作，操作失败
查看源码：
from django.http.request import QueryDict class QueryDict(MultiValueDict): _mutable = True _encoding = None def __init__(self, query_string=None, mutable=False, encoding=None):pass 在调用时，mutable=False，因此要向对request.GET接收的值及逆行更改。需要手动设置 _mutable = True request.GET._mutable = True request.GET["name"] = "jerd" print(request.GET, type(request.GET)) <QueryDict: {'page': ['2'], 'name': ['jerd']}>
4.urlencode 将request.GET中的值拼接到一起，组成新的字符串
from django.http.request import QueryDict request.GET._mutable = True request.GET["name"] = "jerd" print(request.GET.urlencode()) #page=2&name=jerd 类型为字符串
5.deepcopy(request.GET)
在对GET来的数据处理时，一般都另复制一份进行操作，使用deepcopy
import copy
params=copy.deepcopy(request.GET)
params["name"]="zhao"
print(params) #<QueryDict: {'name': ['zhao']}>
为什么能直接添加了呢？
在request.GET中mutable默认为False，需要设置为True才能添加数据，而在拷贝的request.GET中却可以
直接添加，原因是在拷贝之后，mutable值为True
查看其源码：即不管是深拷贝还是浅拷贝，mutable值均为True
def __copy__(self): result = self.__class__('', mutable=True, encoding=self.encoding) pass def __deepcopy__(self, memo): result = self.__class__('', mutable=True, encoding=self.encoding) memo[id(self)] = result pass print("params的mutable值为：",params._mutable) #params的mutable值为： True
2.ORM模型表知识补充
1.在models中创建模型表
class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField( max_length=32,verbose_name="书名") publishDate=models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期") price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2,verbose_name="价格") publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name="出版社") authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',verbose_name="作者") def __str__(self): return self.title
2.根据模型表的类名取出app名和字符串类型的表名：
如在views中操作：
from app01 import models app_name=models.Book._meta.app_label model_name=models.Book._meta.model_name print("app名字是:%s表名是%s"%(app_name,model_name)) app名字是:app02表名是food
3.通过字符串类型的字段名找到相应字段对象
Book类中的title，price，publish都是字段对象，max_length，verbose_name均是他们的属性
可直接调用，如title.max_length
通过"title"找到title对象：
obj = models.Book.model._meta.get_field("title")
print(obj.verbose_name) #书名
4.根据字段对象，找到其关联的表中的所有对象
related_data=publish.rel.to.objects.all()
3.Q查询补充
from django.db.models import Avg,Count from app01.models import Book Book.objects.filter(title="go") #Out[3]: <QuerySet [<Book: go>]> #查询名称为go和价格为100的书籍 Book.objects.filter(title="go",price=100) #Out[4]: <QuerySet []> ##使用Q查询 from django.db.models import Q 查询题目为go，价格不是100的书籍 Book.objects.filter(Q(title="go")&~Q(price=100)) #~非 <QuerySet [<Book: go>]> Book.objects.filter(Q(title="go")&Q(price=100)) Out[7]: <QuerySet []> Book.objects.filter(Q(title="go")|Q(price=100)) Out[8]: <QuerySet [<Book: go>]>
Q().children，通过字段字符串查询
q=Q() ##查询出title字段中值为go的对象 q.children.append(("title","go")) Book.objects.filter(q) Out[11]: <QuerySet [<Book: go>]> ##查询出title字段中值含有g的对象 q.children.append(("title__contains","g")) Book.objects.filter(q) Out[13]: <QuerySet [<Book: go>]> q=Q() #不同的字段之间的关系默认为and q.children.append(("title__contains","g")) q.children.append(("price",100)) Book.objects.filter(q) Out[17]: <QuerySet []> q=Q() q.connector="or" #不同的字段之间的关系更改为or q.children.append(("title__contains","g")) q.children.append(("price",100)) Book.objects.filter(q) Out[22]: <QuerySet [<Book: go>]>
4.HTML中模板
1.{% include xxx.html %} 获取指定页面的所有内容
2. {% extends 'base.html' %} 当前HTML文件继承base.html
3.在模板中写上，{% block xxxx %}{% endblock %},在当前页面中可自义其中的内容
{% block page-css %}
pass
{% endblock %}
5.Xadmin页面的完整代码：
Xadmin/views.py
#根据ModelAdmin源码写 from django.conf.urls import url from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.forms import ModelForm from django.urls import reverse from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from Xadmin.page import Pagination from django.db.models import Q class ShowList(object): def __init__(self,config,data_list,request): self.config=config #config是Modelxadmin的对象 self.data_list=data_list self.request=request ##配置分页设置： current_page = self.request.GET.get("page") pagination = Pagination(current_page, self.data_list.count(), "%s" % self.config.get_list_url(), self.request.GET, per_page_num=3) self.pagination=pagination self.model_list = self.data_list[pagination.start:pagination.end] #批量处理 self.actions=self.config.get_action() self.list_filter=self.config.list_filter #将函数名和描述值处理后在页面显示出来 def new_actions(self): temp=[] for action in self.actions: temp.append({ "name":action.__name__, "desc":action.short_description }) return temp def get_header(self): # 处理表头 [check，'title', 'prcie',edit] # 1.需要判断传的列表中的内容是函数名还是字符串 # 2.如果是字符串，判断是"__str__"还是其他的 head = [] # for field in self.list_display: for field in self.config.new_list_display(): if isinstance(field, str): if field == "__str__": val = self.config.model._meta.model_name.upper() # 如果没定义样式类，表头就显示操作表的名字的大写 else: # class Book(models.Model): # title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="书名") # price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="价格") # 如果是字段字符串，让表头显示其定义的中文表头。title是字段对象，找到title后title.verbose_name 获取这个属性值 obj = self.config.model._meta.get_field(field) val = obj.verbose_name else: val = field(self.config, is_header=True) head.append(val) return head def get_body(self): content = [] for obj in self.model_list: temp = [] # for field in self.list_display:#自定义的样式类中有可能放的是自定义的函数名[check，'title', 'prcie',edit] for field in self.config.new_list_display(): # 需要判断传的列表中的内容是函数名还是字符串 if isinstance(field, str): # 判断数据类型 # 处理多对多的字段方法二：判断是不是ManytoMany类型 from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyField try: # 如果是__str__ 走到这会报错，因此使用抛出异常处理 many_obj = self.config.model._meta.get_field(field) # 取到字段对象 if isinstance(many_obj, ManyToManyField): t = [] for i in getattr(obj, field).all(): t.append(i.name) val = " | ".join(t) else: # val=getattr(obj,field) #相当于obj.title,obj.price 其中obj.__str__会自动触发这个方法 # 判断改字段是否在list_display_link，如果在，就设置成标签形式，不再就正常显示 if field in self.config.list_display_link: edit_url = self.config.get_change_url(obj) val = mark_safe("<a href='%s'>%s</a>" % (edit_url, getattr(obj, field))) else: val = getattr(obj, field) except Exception as e: val = getattr(obj, field) else: val = field(self.config, obj, ) # 定义的方法，obj为这个方法执行的哪条数据对象 temp.append(val) content.append(temp) return content # def get_page(self): # # data_list = self.config.model.objects.all() # current_page = self.request.GET.get("page") # content=self.get_body() # pagination = Pagination(current_page, self.data_list.count(), "%s" % self.config.get_list_url(), self.request.GET, # per_page_num=3) # model_list = content[pagination.start:pagination.end] # return pagination, model_list def get_filter_link_tags(self): # link_tags={"publish":["a","a"],"author":["a","a"]} link_tags={} from copy import deepcopy for filter_field in self.list_filter: # /Xadmin/app01/book/?page=2 params = deepcopy(self.request.GET)#将后面的参数以字典的形式接收 {'page':2} current_id=self.request.GET.get(filter_field) filter_field_obj=self.config.model._meta.get_field(filter_field) #得到字段对象关联表的所有对象 related_data_list=filter_field_obj.rel.to.objects.all() temp=[] for obj in related_data_list: params[filter_field]=obj.pk # {"authors":2} _url=params.urlencode() # _url="%s=%s"%(filter_field,obj.pk) if current_id==str(obj.pk): s = "<a class='item' href='?%s'>%s</a>" % (_url, str(obj)) else: s="<a href='?%s'>%s</a>"%(_url,str(obj)) temp.append(mark_safe(s)) link_tags[filter_field]=temp return link_tags class Modelxadmin(object): model_form_class = None # 不设定的如果样式类中无model_form_class会报错 list_display_link = [] search_fields = [] actions=[] list_filter = [] list_display=["__str__"] #设置Modelxadmin的静态属性，即当注册的对象没使用样式类时，使用Modelxadmin的样式属性 def __init__(self,model,site): #如果传的是book，model就是Book 传的是publish，model就是Publiah self.model=model self.site=site self.model_name = self.model._meta.model_name self.app_name = model._meta.app_label # 定义ModelForm组件。 由于每张表中的字段都不同，Modelxadmin的ModelForm组件不能显示错误信息 #如果要显示出错误信息，就在自己样式类中自当义ModelForm组件 def get_model_form_class(self): if self.model_form_class: print(666) return self.model_form_class #得到自定义BookModelForm类 else: #自定义类中没设置MOdelform的将model_form_class=None from django.forms import ModelForm class DemoModelForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model=self.model fields="__all__" return DemoModelForm ##反向解析得到路径，如果在函数中使用 list_url="%s/%s/"%(self.app_name,self.model_name) ##相当于是在当前路径后拼接，会报错 def get_add_url(self): url_name="{}/{}_add".format( self.app_name, self.model_name) _url=reverse(url_name) return _url def get_list_url(self): url_name = "{}/{}_list".format(self.app_name, self.model_name) _url = reverse(url_name) return _url def get_change_url(self,obj): url_name = "{}/{}_change".format(self.app_name, self.model_name) _url = reverse(url_name,args=(obj.pk,)) return _url def get_del_url(self,obj): url_name = "{}/{}_del".format(self.app_name, self.model_name) _url = reverse(url_name,args=(obj.pk,)) return _url # 选择按钮 编辑 删除 def edit(self, obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "操作" else: v=self.get_change_url(obj) return mark_safe("<a href='%s'>编辑</a>" %v) def delete(self, obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "操作" v = self.get_del_url(obj) return mark_safe("<a href='%s'>删除</a>" %v) def check(self, obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "选择" return mark_safe("<input type='checkbox' name='selected' value='%s'>"%obj.pk) #构建新的list_dispaly def new_list_display(self): temp=[] temp.append(Modelxadmin.check) temp.extend(self.list_display) #判断是否加编辑操作 if not self.list_display_link: temp.append(Modelxadmin.edit) temp.append(Modelxadmin.delete) return temp ##搜索 def get_search(self,request): search_condition=Q() search_condition.connector='or' search_value = request.GET.get("search_value") if search_value: for search_field in self.search_fields: search_condition.children.append((search_field+"__icontains", search_value)) #元祖 return search_condition ##批处理：得到注册对象样式类中指定的操作，并为所有的注册对象添加上删除操作 def all_delete(self,request,queryset): queryset.delete() list_url=self.get_list_url() return redirect("%s"%list_url) all_delete.short_description="批量删除" def get_action(self): #将批量删除和样式类中的actions合到一起 temp=[] temp.append(self.all_delete) temp.extend(self.actions) #迭代添加 return temp #将得到的temp作为ShowList的一个属性 def list_view(self, request): #self是Modelxadmin的实例对象，要么是自定义样式类的实例对象 type=request.GET.get("name") if not type:type="" if request.method=='POST': #批量操作 action=request.POST.get("action") #哪种操作 print("操作是",action) selected_pk=request.POST.getlist("selected") #操作的数据 action_obj=self.model.objects.filter(pk__in=selected_pk) action=getattr(self,action) ret=action(request,action_obj) return ret #print(self.model) #用户调用的哪张表，self.model就是哪张表 <class 'app02.models.Order'> search_condition=self.get_search(request) ##过滤查询： filter_condition=Q() for filter_field,val in request.GET.items(): ##当选择分页时，页面上会把page=2传过来，仍走这一步，但是表中并没有这个字段，所以会报错 if filter_field not in ['page',"search_value"]: filter_condition.children.append((filter_field,val)) data_list = self.model.objects.filter(filter_condition).filter(search_condition) #search_condition有值，就按值搜索，无值就搜索全部 #data_list = self.model.objects.all() # 取出每一条数据的对象，data_list[0].字段名(title) 就能得到相应的数据 show_list=ShowList(self,data_list,request) #self是 Modelxadmin的实例对象 # 获取增加页面的url 点击增加的时候，跳到增加页面。自动拼接add_url="add" return render(request,"list.html",{"show_list":show_list,"add_url":self.get_add_url()}) def add_view(self, request): # list_url="%s/%s/"%(self.app_name,self.model_name) DemoModelForm=self.get_model_form_class() #得到定义的ModelForm组件类 if request.method=='POST': form_obj=DemoModelForm(request.POST) if form_obj.is_valid(): form_obj.save() # return redirect(list_url) #不能用，相当于在当前路径后面拼接 return redirect(self.get_list_url()) else: return render(request,'add_view.html',locals()) form_obj = DemoModelForm() return render(request, 'add_view.html', locals()) def change_view(self, request, id): DemoModelForm = self.get_model_form_class() # 得到定义的ModelForm组件类 change_obj=self.model.objects.get(pk=id) if request.method == 'POST': form_obj = DemoModelForm(request.POST,instance=change_obj) if form_obj.is_valid(): form_obj.save() # return redirect(list_url) #不能用，相当于在当前路径后面拼接 return redirect(self.get_list_url()) else: return render(request, 'change_view.html', locals()) form_obj = DemoModelForm(instance=change_obj) return render(request, 'change_view.html', locals()) def del_view(self, request, id): if request.method=='POST': self.model.objects.get(pk=id).delete() return redirect(self.get_list_url()) return render(request,"del_view.html",{"url":self.get_list_url()}) def get_url_2(self): temp = [] # print("=====",model_name ) # temp.append(url(r"^$", self.list_view)) temp.append(url(r"^$", self.list_view,name="{}/{}_list".format( self.app_name, self.model_name))) temp.append(url(r"^add/$", self.add_view,name="{}/{}_add".format( self.app_name, self.model_name))) # temp.append(url(r"^(d+)/change/$", self.change_view,)) temp.append(url(r"^change/(d+)/$", self.change_view,name="{}/{}_change".format( self.app_name, self.model_name) )) temp.append(url(r"^del/(d+)/$", self.del_view,name="{}/{}_del".format( self.app_name, self.model_name))) return temp @property def urls2(self): return self.get_url_2(), None, None class XadminSite(object): def __init__(self, name='admin'): self._registry = {} def register(self, model, admin_class=None, **options): if not admin_class: admin_class = Modelxadmin #根据AdminSite源码，定义夜歌admin_class类 self._registry[model] = admin_class(model, self) # {Book:ModelAdmin(Book)} self.model=Book def get_urls(self): temp = [] print(self._registry) for model, xadmin_class in self._registry.items(): #xadmin_class=admin_class(model, self)是注册的模型表对象 ModelAdmin(Book) app_name = model._meta.app_label # 拿到app的名字 model_name = model._meta.model_name # 拿到字符串类型的表名 print("表名是:",model_name) temp.append(url(r"^{}/{}/".format(app_name, model_name), xadmin_class.urls2,)) ''' url(r"app01/book",ModelXadmin(Book,site).urls2) url(r"app01/publish",ModelXadmin(Publish,site).urls2) url(r"app02/order",ModelXadmin(Order,site).urls2) ''' return temp @property def urls(self): #self就是XadminSite单例出来的对象 return self.get_urls(), None, None site=XadminSite() #生成单例对象
app01/xadmin.py
print("Xadmin app01") from Xadmin.service.Xadmin import site,Modelxadmin from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from app01 import models from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe from django.urls import reverse from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import widgets as wid #因为重名，所以起个别名 class BookModelForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model=models.Book fields="__all__" error_messages={ "title":{"required":"该字段不能为空！"} } widgets = { " publishDate": wid.TextInput(attrs={"type": "date"}) } ##将操作封装到类中 ''' class Operation(): def edit(self, obj,is_header): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "操作" else: url_name = "{}/{}_change".format(self.app_name, self.model_name) # BookConfig中没有self.app_name，就去Modelxadmin找 v = reverse(url_name, args=(obj.pk,)) return mark_safe("<a href='%s'>编辑</a>" % v) def delete(self, obj, is_header): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "操作" return mark_safe("<a href='del/%s/'>删除</a>" % obj.pk) def check(self, obj, is_header): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "选择" else:print(777) return mark_safe("<input type='checkbox'>") ''' class BookConfig(Modelxadmin): #自定义方法,obj默认为None，即在处理表头时用不到，is_header默认为False，在处理表头时用得到，处理表单内容时用不到 #href='%s/change/'自动拼接路径 ##在每个对象中添加删除，编辑，选择按钮 ''' def edit(self, obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "操作" ##反向解析url url_name="{}/{}_change".format( self.app_name, self.model_name) #BookConfig中没有self.app_name，就去Modelxadmin找 v = reverse(url_name, args=(obj.pk,)) return mark_safe("<a href='%s'>编辑</a>" % v) #自动拼接路由 # return mark_safe("<a href='change/%s/'>编辑</a>"%obj.pk) def delete(self, obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "删除" return mark_safe("<a href='del/%s/'>删除</a>" % obj.pk) def check(self, obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: # 此时作表头处理 return "选择" return mark_safe("<input type='checkbox'>") ''' ##处理多对多的字段方法一： ''' def display_authors(self,obj=None, is_header=False): if is_header: return "作者名称" s=[] for author in obj.authors.all(): #必须使用all(),得到所有的作者对象 s.append(author.name) #取出每个作者对象的name属性 val=" | ".join(s) return mark_safe(val) list_display = [check, "title", "price", "publish", display_authors, edit, delete] ''' ###将编辑，删除，批量操作封装到一个类中,但是需要在每个样式类中给设定 ''' def check(self,obj=None, is_header=False):return super().check(obj, is_header) def edit(self,obj=None, is_header=False):return super().edit(obj, is_header) def delete(self,obj=None, is_header=False):return super().delete(obj, is_header) list_display=[check,"title","price","publish","authors",edit,delete] ''' model_form_class = BookModelForm list_display = ["title", "price", "publish", "authors"] list_display_link=["title"] search_fields = ["title", "price"] #批量处理 def all_update(self,request,queryset): #queryset为数据对象 queryset.update(price=998) list_url = self.get_list_url() return redirect("%s" % list_url) all_update.short_description="批量初始化" actions=[all_update,] #设置过滤： list_filter=["publish","authors"] site.register(models.Book,BookConfig) class PublishConfig(Modelxadmin): list_display=["name","city","email"] site.register(models.Publish,PublishConfig) class AuthorConfig(Modelxadmin): list_display=["name","age"] site.register(models.Author,AuthorConfig) site.register(models.AuthorDetail)
app02/xadmin.py
print("Xadmin app02") from Xadmin.service.Xadmin import site from Xadmin.service.Xadmin import Modelxadmin from app02 import models class OrderConfig(Modelxadmin): list_display=["title","addr"] site.register(models.Order) # class FoodConfig(Modelxadmin): # list_display=["title","price"] site.register(models.Food) print(site._registry)
list.HTML
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> <link href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/static/dashboard.css" rel="stylesheet"> <style> .item{ background-color: #985f0d; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar"> <ul class="nav nav-sidebar"> <li class="display active"><a href="/Xadmin/app01/book/ ">图书列表页<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> </li> <li class="display active"><a href="/Xadmin/app01/publish/">出版社列表页</a></li> <li class="display active"><a href="/Xadmin/app01/author/">作者列表页</a></li> <li class="display active"><a href="/Xadmin/app02/order/">订单列表页</a></li> <li class="display active"><a href="/Xadmin/app02/food/">美食列表页</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-sm-7 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-7 col-md-offset-2 main"> <h1 class="page-header" STYLE="color: #dff0d8">管理</h1> <div class="panel panel-success"> <!-- Default panel contents --> <div class="panel-heading">信息 <i class="fa fa-thumb-tack pull-right"></i></div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 15px"> <div class="col-md-4"> {% if show_list.config.search_fields %} <div class="input-group"> <form action="" method="get"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <input type="text" name="search_value" class="form-control" placeholder="Search for..." style="display: inline-block"> <button class="btn btn-default" >搜索</button> </span> </form> </div><!-- /input-group --> {% endif %} </div><!-- /.col-md-4 --> <div class="col-md-1 pull-right"> <a class="btn btn-success" href="{{ add_url }}">新增</a> </div> </div><!-- /.row --> <div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 15px"> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <div class="col-md-3" style="margin-bottom: 15px"> <div class="input-group"> <span class="input-group-btn" > <select name="action" id="" class="form-control"> <option value="">------------------</option> {% for foo in show_list.new_actions %} <option value="{{ foo.name }}">{{foo.desc }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> <button class="btn btn-default" >GO</button> </span> </div> </div> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> {% for foo in show_list.get_header %} <th>{{ foo }}</th> {% endfor %} </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for foo in show_list.get_body %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> {% for foo1 in foo %} <td>{{ foo1 }}</td> {% endfor %} </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </form> </div> <ul class="pull-right"> {{show_list.pagination.page_html|safe }} </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-2"> {% for filter_filed,link_tag_list in show_list.get_filter_link_tags.items %} <p>By {{ filter_filed.upper }}</p> {% for link_tag in link_tag_list %} <p>{{ link_tag }}</p> {% endfor %} {% endfor %} </div> </div> </div> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script> <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> {#未使用样式#} {#[{'title': '江南', 'addr': '北京'}, {'title': '醉赤壁', 'addr': '上海'}, {'title': '杀手', 'addr': '广州'}]#} {#<p>#} {# <span>序号</span>#} {# {% for foo in head %}#} {# <span>{{ foo }}</span>#} {# {% endfor %}#} {#</p>#} {##} {#{% for foo in content %}#} {# <P>#} {# <span>{{ forloop.counter }}</span>#} {# {% for foo1 in foo %}#} {# <span>{{ foo1 }}</span>#} {# {% endfor %}#} {# </P>#} {#{% endfor %}#} </body> </html>
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name=models.CharField( max_length=32,verbose_name="作者") age=models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄") # 与AuthorDetail建立一对一的关系 authorDetail=models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail",on_delete=models.CASCADE) def __str__(self): return self.name class AuthorDetail(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) birthday=models.DateField() telephone=models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="手机号") addr=models.CharField( max_length=64,default="北京",verbose_name="地址") def __str__(self): return self.birthday class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name=models.CharField( max_length=32,verbose_name="出版社") city=models.CharField( max_length=32,verbose_name="地址") email=models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) title = models.CharField( max_length=32,verbose_name="书名") publishDate=models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期") price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2,verbose_name="价格") def __str__(self): return self.title # 与Publish建立一对多的关系,外键字段建立在多的一方 publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name="出版社") # 与Author表建立多对多的关系,ManyToManyField可以建在两个模型中的任意一个，自动创建第三张表 authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',verbose_name="作者") def __str__(self): return self.title