Oracle之备份一管理恢复目录

一、管理恢复目录 #现实应用中一般都是专门新建一个rman 数据库，给所有的数据库做catalog
1、建立恢复目录

#建立恢复目录表空间
SQL> create tablespace rman_ts datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmdb/dfile/rman.dbf' size 15m;

#建立恢复目录所有者
SQL> create user rman identified by rman;

#授予恢复目录所有者角色
SQL> grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rman;

#建立恢复目录
[oracle@ocmdb1 ~]$ rman catalog rman/rman@ocmdb
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 13 14:06:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> create catalog;

#注册目标数据库
[oracle@ocmdb1 ~]$ rman catalog rman/rman #连接到rman catalog 恢复目录
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Oct 13 14:23:08 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> connect target sys/oracle@ocmdb #连接到目标数据库
connected to target database: OCMDB (DBID=4106451204)

RMAN> register database; #在catalog 中，注册目标数据库
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of register command on default channel at 10/13/2011 14:23:36
RMAN-20002: target database already registered in recovery catalog

RMAN> report schema; #列出目标数据库当前的schema

注意：当使用rman 连接目标数据库时报错如下：
RMAN-06004: ORACLE error from recovery catalog database: RMAN-20001: target database not found in recovery catalog
需要在 tnsnames.ora　文件里编辑增加 (SERVER = dedicated)

如下：[oracle@ocmdb1 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
OCMDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = tcp)(HOST = ocmdb1)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ocmdb)
(SERVER = dedicated)
)
)

RMAN备份只讲叙有恢复目录的情况，如果没有恢复目录，情形大致相似。以下是RMAN的热备份全备份的脚本：
# script:bakup.sh
# creater:chon
# date:2011
# desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman

# connect database
rman <<EOF
connect catalog rman/rman
connect target sys/oracle@ocmdb

# start backup database
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup full tag 'dbfull' format '/backup/full%u_%s_%p' database
include current controlfile;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
release channel c1;
}
EOF
# end

说明：
1、数据库必须运行在归档模式下
2、 RMAN将自动备份数据文件，运行可靠
3、归档日志另外备份处理，但至少需要保存一次备份来的日志
4、没有必要用RMAN做冷备份，效果不好

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把最近刚改写完成的RMAN增量备份脚本贴上来，经过几天的测试基本运行良好，下一步可以在生产库上用了，测试过程中特别增加了尽量节约空间的考虑（磁盘空间不是很冗余）,

备份策略：
crontab -l
#每周日凌晨做0级备份，
#每周一,四做一级备份，
#每周二，三，五，六做二级备份，
00 4 * * 0 /u01/app/oracle/rman_bak/scripts/rman_bak.sh 0
00 4 * * 1,4 /u01/app/oracle/rman_bak/scripts/rman_bak.sh 1
00 4 * * 2,3,5,6 /u01/app/oracle/rman_bak/scripts/rman_bak.sh 2
备份脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#set env
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db10g
export ORACLE_SID=emar
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
DATE=`date +%w`
DATE_2=`date +%Y%m%d`
BACKUP_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/rman_bak
LEVEL=$@
TARGET_SID=emar
RMAN_SID=emar.emar
BIN=/u01/app/oracle/db10g/bin
# Delete the data backuped last time
rm -rf $BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/*

if [ $# != 1 ]; then
echo "usage: rman_bak.sh n
where n is the rman backup level(0,1,2 is permitted)."
exit 1
fi
if [ $@ -ne 0 -a $@ -ne 1 -a $@ -ne 2 ]; then
echo "usage: rman_bak.sh n
where n is the rman backup level(Only 0,1,2 is permitted)."
exit 2
fi
echo "-----------------------------start-----------------------------";date
if [ $LEVEL = 0 ]; then
$BIN/rman log $BACKUP_PATH/log/level.$TARGET_SID.$LEVEL.$DATE_2.log <<EOF
connect target sys/sys202;
connect catalog rman/rman@$RMAN_SID;
resync catalog;
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of archivelog all ;
backup filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/arch.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t'(archivelog from time 'sysdate-7' all delete input) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of archivelog all ;
release channel c1 ;
}

run{
allocate channel c2 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of database ;
backup incremental level $LEVEL filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/data.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t'(database include current controlfile) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of database ;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
release channel c2 ;
}
exit;
EOF

else
$BIN/rman log $BACKUP_PATH/log/level.$TARGET_SID.$LEVEL.$DATE_2.log <<EOF
connect target sys/sys202;
connect catalog rman/rman@$RMAN_SID;
resync catalog;
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of archivelog all ;
backup filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/arch.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t' (archivelog from time 'sysdate-1' all) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of archivelog all ;
release channel c1 ;
}

run{
allocate channel c2 type disk ;
crosscheck backupset of database ;
backup incremental level $LEVEL filesperset 3 format '$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/data.%d.live.$LEVEL.%t' (database include current controlfile) ;
delete noprompt expired backupset of database ;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
release channel c2 ;
}

exit;
EOF

fi
$BIN/exp rman/rman@$RMAN_SID file=$BACKUP_PATH/data/$DATE/live.rman.$DATE_2.dmp log=$BACKUP_PATH/log/$RMAN_SID.rman.$DATE_2.log
echo "------------------------------end------------------------------";date