浏览器对象模型“BOM”-- window对象

global对象 全局对象

所有的全局变量和全局方法,都可以归在window上

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        var a="aaa";
        console.log(window.a);
    </script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

 window.alert()     弹出提示框

window.confirm()  弹出确认框,确认返回true,取消返回false

window.prompt() 弹出输入框,输入内容返回内容,否则返回null

第一个参数为提示信息,第二个参数为默认信息

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
        #span{
            background:#abcdef;
            color:orange;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            var span=document.getElementById("span");
            var span2=document.getElementById("span2");
            var btn1=document.getElementById("btn1");
            var btn2=document.getElementById("btn2");
            var btn3=document.getElementById("btn3");

            btn1.onclick=function(){
                alert("btn1被点击了哦~");
            }
            btn2.onclick=function(){
                var text2=confirm("确定删除小可爱嘛?");
                if(text2){
                    span.style.display="none";
                }else{
                    return;
                }
            }
            btn3.onclick=function(){
                var text3=prompt("请输入你最喜欢的颜色","仙女粉");
                span2.innerHTML=text3;
            }
        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <span id="span">我是小可爱</span><br>
    我最喜欢的颜色是:<span id="span2"></span><br>
    <button id="btn1">alert</button>
    <button id="btn2">confirm</button>
    <button id="btn3">prompt</button>
</body>
</html>

 window.open() 打开新窗口

第一个参数:页面

第二个参数:页面命名

第三个参数:一组,关于设置新页面属性

 window.close()  关闭当前窗口

当我加入这段代码想要关闭窗口时,没有成功,而且控制台提示:Scripts may close only the windows that were opened by it.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            var btn1=document.getElementById("btn1");

            btn1.onclick=function(){
                window.open("new.html", "new", "width=400,height=400,left=0,top=0,toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,location=no,status=no");
            }
            btn2.onclick=function(){
                window.close();//Scripts may close only the windows that were opened by it.
            }
        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <button id="btn1">打开新窗口试试~</button>
    <button id="btn2">现在关闭新窗口啦</button>
</body>
</html>

查看资料得知,除了IE浏览器之外,像谷歌浏览器和火狐浏览器等,都规定window.close()只能用于关闭弹出类窗口

于是,修改用法,将window.open()打开的窗口保存到变量中,使用.close()关闭该窗口

这应该就是正确打开方式了

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            var btn1=document.getElementById("btn1");

            btn1.onclick=function(){
                newWindow=window.open("new.html", "new", "width=400,height=400,left=0,top=0,toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=no,location=no,status=no");
            }
            btn2.onclick=function(){
                newWindow.close();
            }
        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <button id="btn1">打开新窗口试试~</button>
    <button id="btn2">现在关闭新窗口啦</button>
</body>
</html>

成功关闭打开的新窗口

javascript是单线程语言,也就是代码按顺序执行,可以通过以下两个方法调整顺序

延迟调用 setTimeout()   

有匿名函数和自定义函数两种方式

取消延迟调用 clearTimeout()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            // 匿名函数
            var timer1=setTimeout(function(){
                alert("延迟1s后我来啦!");
            },1000);

            setTimeout(myFun,2000);
            function myFun(){
                alert("延迟2s后我来啦!");
            }

            clearTimeout(timer1);//取消timer1的延迟调用

        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

间歇调用 setInterval()

clearInterval() 取消间歇调用

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            var myInterval=setInterval(function(){
                console.log("h");
            },1000);

            setTimeout(function(){
                clearInterval(myInterval);
            },10000);

        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

 10秒倒计时

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            var count=document.getElementById("count");
            var myInterval=setInterval(function(){
                var inner=count.innerHTML;
                count.innerHTML=inner-1;
                if(inner<=1){
                    clearInterval(myInterval);
                }
            },1000);

        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <span id="count">10</span>
</body>
</html>

用setTimeout() 实现间歇调用,则需要在setTimeout()中调用自身

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){
            var count=document.getElementById("count");

            function myFun(){
                var inner=count.innerHTML;
                count.innerHTML=inner-1;
                if(inner>1){
                    setTimeout(myFun,1000);
                }else{
                    clearTimeout(firstTimer);
                }
            }
            var firstTimer=setTimeout(myFun,1000);//首次调用的定时器

        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <span id="count">10</span>
</body>
</html>

文字闪烁效果

注意:文字都是输入法自带的,分别是:

★★★我是仙女★★★

☆☆☆我是仙女☆☆☆

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body{
            width:100%;
            height:100%;
        }
        #text{
            color:orange;
        }
    </style>
    <script>
        window.onload=function(){

            var text=document.getElementById("text");
            var i=0;
            setInterval(function(){
                if(i%2==1){
                    text.innerHTML="★★★我是仙女★★★";
                }else{
                    text.innerHTML="☆☆☆我是仙女☆☆☆";
                }    
                i++;            
            },500)

        }    
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <span id="text">☆☆☆我是仙女☆☆☆</span>
</body>
</html>

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyingying0/p/12267122.html