我们在日常开发中会经常用到序列化和反序列化，他们到底是什么意思呢？通俗的讲序列化就是把对象转化成数据文件或者字段（二进制或者XML），反序列化就是数据文件或者字段转化为数据对象。 下面我以提问题的方式，帮大家解释一下序列化和反序列化。（C#代码为例）
一 、为什么使用序列化和反序列化?
1.保存对象。通常我们在C#代码中构建了一个对象需要把该对象保存到数据库、文件、Application、Session、Coockie、ViewState等其他存储环境中，以备下次直接使用。
2.共享数据. 对象仅在创建对象的应用程序域中有效，其他应用程序域想调用该对象数据就会使用该技术。
3.在网络上传送对象的字节序列。其中Web Service就是一个典型的例证。
4.在一些分布式系统中也经常会用到该技术。
二、序列化和反序列化有哪些类型？
在C#中序列化反序列化类型大致有如下三种：
第一、二进制数据（BinaryFormatter->IFormatter）
第二、XML数据（XmlSerializer）
第三、Soap数据（SoapFormatter->IFormatter）
三、序列化和反序列化分别如何实现？
/// <summary>
/// UserInfo for public test smaple
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class UserInfo
{
#region Database fields
private System.Int32 _UserID;
private System.String _UserName;
private System.Int16 _UserType;
private System.String _Email;
private System.String _Pwd;
private System.String _Firstname;
private System.String _Lastname;
#endregion
#region GETs and SETs
public System.Int32 UserID
{
get { return _UserID; }
set { _UserID = value; }
}
public System.String UserName
{
get { return _UserName; }
set { _UserName = value; }
}
public System.Int16 UserType
{
get { return _UserType; }
set { _UserType = value; }
}
public System.String Email
{
get { return _Email; }
set { _Email = value; }
}
public System.String Pwd
{
get { return _Pwd; }
set { _Pwd = value; }
}
public System.String Firstname
{
get { return _Firstname; }
set { _Firstname = value; }
}
public System.String Lastname
{
get { return _Lastname; }
set { _Lastname = value; }
}
#endregion
public UserInfo()
{
}
}
第一、二进制数据
public static byte[] Serialize(UserInfo usr)
{
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
byte[] b;
formatter.Serialize(ms, usr);
ms.Position = 0;
b = new byte[ms.Length];
ms.Read(b, 0, b.Length);
ms.Close();
return b;
}
public static UserInfo Deserialize(byte[] byteArray)
{
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
ms.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
ms.Position = 0;
UserInfo usr = formatter.Deserialize(ms) as UserInfo;
return usr;
}
第二、Xml数据
public static XmlDocument Serialize(UserInfo usr)
{
XmlSerializer lizer = new XmlSerializer(usr.GetType());
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
lizer.Serialize(ms, usr);
XmlDocument doc=new XmlDocument();
doc.Load(ms);
return doc;
}
public static UserInfo DeserializeXml(XmlDocument doc)
{
XmlSerializer lizer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(UserInfo));
StringReader reader = new StringReader(doc.OuterXml);
UserInfo usr = lizer.Deserialize(reader) as UserInfo;
return usr;
}
第三、Soap数据
static void Serialize()
{
// Create a hashtable of values that will eventually be serialized.
Hashtable addresses = new Hashtable();
addresses.Add("Jeff", "123 Main Street, Redmond, WA 98052");
addresses.Add("Fred", "987 Pine Road, Phila., PA 19116");
addresses.Add("Mary", "PO Box 112233, Palo Alto, CA 94301");
// To serialize the hashtable (and its key/value pairs),
// you must first open a stream for writing.
// Use a file stream here.
FileStream fs = new FileStream("DataFile.soap", FileMode.Create);
// Construct a SoapFormatter and use it
// to serialize the data to the stream.
SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
try
{
formatter.Serialize(fs, addresses);
}
catch (SerializationException e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Failed to serialize. Reason: " + e.Message);
throw;
}
finally
{
fs.Close();
}
}
static void Deserialize()
{
// Declare the hashtable reference.
Hashtable addresses = null;
// Open the file containing the data that you want to deserialize.
FileStream fs = new FileStream("DataFile.soap", FileMode.Open);
try
{
SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
// Deserialize the hashtable from the file and
// assign the reference to the local variable.
addresses = (Hashtable) formatter.Deserialize(fs);
}
catch (SerializationException e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Failed to deserialize. Reason: " + e.Message);
throw;
}
finally
{
fs.Close();
}
// To prove that the table deserialized correctly,
// display the key/value pairs to the console.
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in addresses)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} lives at {1}.", de.Key, de.Value);