SpringCloud教程第3篇：feign（F版本）

一、Feign简介

• Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端
• 使用Feign，只需要创建一个接口并注解
• 有可插拔的注解特性，使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解
• Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器
• Feign默认集成了Ribbon，并和Eureka结合，默认实现了负载均衡的效果
• 整合了Hystrix，具有熔断的能力

二、准备工作

 启动eureka-server，端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次，端口分别为8762 、8773.

新建一个父工程与第一节相同建一个spring-boot工程，取名为serice-feign，在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-feign</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>



</project>

在工程的配置文件application.yml文件，指定程序名为service-feign，端口号为8765，服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ，代码如下：

server:
  port: 8765

spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ，加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能：

package com.forezp.servicefeign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);
    }

}

定义一个feign接口，通过@ FeignClient（“服务名”），来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口，代码如下：

 

package com.forezp.servicefeign.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * @Auther: chengmr
 * @Date: 2020/6/23 14:41
 * @Description:
 */
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

在Web层的controller层，对外暴露一个”/hello”的API接口，通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下：

package com.forezp.servicefeign.controller;

import com.forezp.servicefeign.service.SchedualServiceHi;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Auther: chengmr
 * @Date: 2020/6/23 14:43
 * @Description:
 */
@RestController
public class HiController {
    //编译器报错，无视。 因为这个Bean是在程序启动的时候注入的，编译器感知不到，所以报错。
    @Autowired
    SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
        return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);

    }
}

启动程序，多次访问http://localhost:8765/hello?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示：

源码下载：https://github.com/CMRcircle/learnspringcloud/tree/master/sc-f-chapter3