QueryDSL-JPA
QueryDSL简介
1 QueryDSL仅仅是一个通用的查询框架，专注于通过Java API构建类型安全的SQL查询。
2 Querydsl可以通过一组通用的查询API为用户构建出适合不同类型ORM框架或者是SQL的查询语句，也就是说QueryDSL是基于各种ORM框架以及SQL之上的一个通用的查询框架。
3 借助QueryDSL可以在任何支持的ORM框架或者SQL平台上以一种通用的API方式来构建查询。目前QueryDSL支持的平台包括JPA,JDO,SQL,Java Collections,RDF,Lucene,Hibernate Search。
创建项目
首先对于queryDSL有两个版本,com.mysema.querydsl和com.querydsl,前者是3.X系列后者是4.X系列,这里使用的是后者.
第一步:Maven引入依赖
<!--query dsl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
<artifactId>querydsl-jpa</artifactId>
<version>${querydsl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
<artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId>
<version>${querydsl.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--query dsl end-->
第二步:加入插件,用于生成查询实例
<!--该插件可以生成querysdl需要的查询对象，执行mvn compile即可-->
<plugin>
<groupId>com.mysema.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>apt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>process</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
<processor>com.querydsl.apt.jpa.JPAAnnotationProcessor</processor>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
执行mvn compile之后,可以找到该target/generated-sources/java,然后IDEA标示为源代码目录即可.
实体类
城市类:
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_city", schema = "test", catalog = "")
public class TCity {
//省略JPA注解标识
private int id;
private String name;
private String state;
private String country;
private String map;
}
旅馆类:
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_hotel", schema = "test", catalog = "")
public class THotel {
//省略JPA注解标识
private int id;
private String name;
private String address;
private Integer city;//保存着城市的id主键
}
单表动态分页查询
Spring Data JPA中提供了QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口,用于支持QueryDSL的查询操作,这样的话单表动态查询就可以参考如下代码:
//查找出Id小于3,并且名称带有`shanghai`的记录.
//动态条件
QTCity qtCity = QTCity.tCity;
//该Predicate为querydsl下的类,支持嵌套组装复杂查询条件
Predicate predicate = qtCity.id.longValue().lt(3)
.and(qtCity.name.like("shanghai"));
//分页排序
Sort sort = new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.ASC,"id"));
PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(0,10,sort);
//查找结果
Page<TCity> tCityPage = tCityRepository.findAll(predicate,pageRequest);
多表动态查询
QueryDSL对多表查询提供了一个很好地封装,看下面代码:
/**
* 关联查询示例,查询出城市和对应的旅店
* @param predicate 查询条件
* @return 查询实体
*/
@Override
public List<Tuple> findCityAndHotel(Predicate predicate) {
JPAQueryFactory queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(em);
JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QTCity.tCity,QTHotel.tHotel)
.from(QTCity.tCity)
.leftJoin(QTHotel.tHotel)
.on(QTHotel.tHotel.city.longValue().eq(QTCity.tCity.id.longValue()));
//添加查询条件
jpaQuery.where(predicate);
//拿到结果
return jpaQuery.fetch();
}
城市表左连接旅店表,当该旅店属于这个城市时查询出两者的详细字段,存放到一个Tuple的多元组中.相比原生sql,简单清晰了很多.
那么该怎么调用这个方法呢?
@Test
public void findByLeftJoin(){
QTCity qtCity = QTCity.tCity;
QTHotel qtHotel = QTHotel.tHotel;
//查询条件
Predicate predicate = qtCity.name.like("shanghai");
//调用
List<Tuple> result = tCityRepository.findCityAndHotel(predicate);
//对多元组取出数据,这个和select时的数据相匹配
for (Tuple row : result) {
System.out.println("qtCity:"+row.get(qtCity));
System.out.println("qtHotel:"+row.get(qtHotel));
System.out.println("--------------------");
}
System.out.println(result);
}
这样做的话避免了返回Object[]数组,下面是自动生成的sql语句:
select
tcity0_.id as id1_0_0_,
thotel1_.id as id1_1_1_,
tcity0_.country as country2_0_0_,
tcity0_.map as map3_0_0_,
tcity0_.name as name4_0_0_,
tcity0_.state as state5_0_0_,
thotel1_.address as address2_1_1_,
thotel1_.city as city3_1_1_,
thotel1_.name as name4_1_1_
from
t_city tcity0_
left outer join
t_hotel thotel1_
on (
cast(thotel1_.city as signed)=cast(tcity0_.id as signed)
)
where
tcity0_.name like ? escape '!'
多表动态分页查询
分页查询对于queryDSL无论什么样的sql只需要写一遍,会自动转换为相应的count查询,也就避免了文章开始的问题4,下面代码是对上面的查询加上分页功能:
@Override
public QueryResults<Tuple> findCityAndHotelPage(Predicate predicate,Pageable pageable) {
JPAQueryFactory queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(em);
JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QTCity.tCity.id,QTHotel.tHotel)
.from(QTCity.tCity)
.leftJoin(QTHotel.tHotel)
.on(QTHotel.tHotel.city.longValue().eq(QTCity.tCity.id.longValue()))
.where(predicate)
.offset(pageable.getOffset())
.limit(pageable.getPageSize());
//拿到分页结果
return jpaQuery.fetchResults();
}
和上面不同之处在于这里使用了offset和limit限制查询结果.并且返回一个QueryResults,该类会自动实现count查询和结果查询,并进行封装.
调用形式如下:
@Test
public void findByLeftJoinPage(){
QTCity qtCity = QTCity.tCity;
QTHotel qtHotel = QTHotel.tHotel;
//条件
Predicate predicate = qtCity.name.like("shanghai");
//分页
PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(0,10);
//调用查询
QueryResults<Tuple> result = tCityRepository.findCityAndHotelPage(predicate,pageRequest);
//结果取出
for (Tuple row : result.getResults()) {
System.out.println("qtCity:"+row.get(qtCity));
System.out.println("qtHotel:"+row.get(qtHotel));
System.out.println("--------------------");
}
//取出count查询总数
System.out.println(result.getTotal());
}
生成的原生count查询sql,当该count查询结果为0的话,则直接返回,并不会再进行具体数据查询:
select
count(tcity0_.id) as col_0_0_
from
t_city tcity0_
left outer join
t_hotel thotel1_
on (
cast(thotel1_.city as signed)=cast(tcity0_.id as signed)
)
where
tcity0_.name like ? escape '!'
生成的原生查询sql:
select
tcity0_.id as id1_0_0_,
thotel1_.id as id1_1_1_,
tcity0_.country as country2_0_0_,
tcity0_.map as map3_0_0_,
tcity0_.name as name4_0_0_,
tcity0_.state as state5_0_0_,
thotel1_.address as address2_1_1_,
thotel1_.city as city3_1_1_,
thotel1_.name as name4_1_1_
from
t_city tcity0_
left outer join
t_hotel thotel1_
on (
cast(thotel1_.city as signed)=cast(tcity0_.id as signed)
)
where
tcity0_.name like ? escape '!' limit ?
查看打印,可以发现对应的city也都是同一个对象,hotel是不同的对象.