(转)Android蓝牙开发浅析

1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />  
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />  

2打开蓝牙

在这里首先要了解蓝牙操作的一个核心类BluetoothAdapter,对蓝牙操作首先就需要有一个BluetoothAdapter实例。常用的几个方法如下:

  •   getDefaultAdapter()——获取本地的蓝牙设备  
  •   enable()——打开蓝牙设备
  •   disable()——关闭蓝牙设备
  •   startDiscovery()——蓝牙设备开始搜索周边设备
  •       cancelDiscovery()——取消本地蓝牙设备的搜索操作,如果本地设备正在进行搜索,那么调用该方法后将停止搜索操作。
  •   getAddress()——获取蓝牙设备的MAC地址。
  •   getName()——获取本地蓝牙的名称
  •   getRemoteDevice(String address)——根据远程设备的MAC地址来获取远程设备
 1  // 获取本地的蓝牙适配器实例
 2  BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
 3  if(adapter!=null)
 4  {
 5      if(!adapter.isEnabled())
 6      {
 7          //通过这个方法来请求打开我们的蓝牙设备
 8          Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
 9          startActivityForResult(intent);
10 
11          //不做提示,强行打开
12          //mAdapter.enable();
13      }
14  }
15  else
16  {
17      System.out.println("本地设备驱动异常!");
18  }
19  

3.搜索蓝牙设备

这里可以细分为几个方面 
(1)如果要使本机蓝牙能够被其他手机蓝牙发现,则通过调用startActivityForResult(Intent, int) 方法,其中,intent带有ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE的请求。

If you would like to make the local device discoverable to other devices, call startActivityForResult(Intent, int) with the ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE action Intent. 
1 //使本机蓝牙在300秒内可被搜索
2 private void ensureDiscoverable() {
3     if (mBluetoothAdapter.getScanMode() != BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE) {
4         //打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒)  
5         Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);  
6         discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);//设置持续时间(最多300秒)
7         startActivity(discoverableIntent);
8     }
9 }

(2)查找已经配对的蓝牙设备,即以前已经配对过的设备  

1 Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();  
2 if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {  
3     findViewById(R.id.title_paired_devices).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);  
4     for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {  
5         mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
6     }  
7 } else {  
8     mPairedDevicesArrayAdapter.add("没有找到已匹对的设备");  
9 }  

(3)使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备。

startDiscovery()方法解析:

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法,调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索,该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后,搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的,所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索(该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用)。

请求Discovery后,系统开始搜索蓝牙设备,在这个过程中,系统会发送以下三个广播:

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START:开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND:找到设备,这个Intent中包含两个extra fields:EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS,分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

然而,要获得此搜索的结果需要注册一个BroadcastReceiver来获取,我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收相应的广播,以便实现某些功能

 1 // 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver  
 2 private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {  
 3     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
 4         String action = intent.getAction();  
 5         // 发现设备  
 6         if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {  
 7             // 从Intent中获取设备对象  
 8             BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);  
 9             // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示  
10             mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());  
11         }  
12     }  
13 };  
14 // 注册BroadcastReceiver  
15 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);  
16 registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定  

 4.配对

配对操作呢,一般都是发现设备后,由我们人工来进行选择后系统自动去配对。

5. 蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接,则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket,这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的,而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket(UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对)

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求,如果收到请求,则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例(此方法为block方法,应置于新线程中)

如果不想在accept其他的连接,则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源(调用该方法后,之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接,则一般在accept一个连接后,便close掉BluetoothServerSocket

 1 private class AcceptThread extends Thread {  
 2     private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;  
 3   
 4     public AcceptThread() {  
 5         // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,  
 6         // because mmServerSocket is final  
 7         BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;  
 8         try {  
 9             // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code  
10             tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);  
11         } catch (IOException e) { }  
12         mmServerSocket = tmp;  
13     }  
14   
15     public void run() {  
16         BluetoothSocket socket = null;  
17         // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned  
18         while (true) {  
19             try {  
20                 socket = mmServerSocket.accept();  
21             } catch (IOException e) {  
22                 break;  
23             }  
24             // If a connection was accepted  
25             if (socket != null) {  
26                 // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)  
27                 manageConnectedSocket(socket);  
28                 mmServerSocket.close();  
29                 break;  
30             }  
31         }  
32     }  
33   
34     /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */  
35     public void cancel() {  
36         try {  
37             mmServerSocket.close();  
38         } catch (IOException e) { }  
39     }  
40 }  


客户端的实现

通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService

调用BluetoothService的createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket(该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID)

调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法(该方法为block方法),如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配,并且连接被服务器端accept,则connect()方法返回

注意:在调用connect()方法之前,应当确定当前没有搜索设备,否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败

 1 private class ConnectThread extends Thread {  
 2     private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;  
 3     private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;  
 4   
 5     public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {  
 6         // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,  
 7         // because mmSocket is final  
 8         BluetoothSocket tmp = null;  
 9         mmDevice = device;  
10   
11         // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice  
12         try {  
13             // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code  
14             tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);  
15         } catch (IOException e) { }  
16         mmSocket = tmp;  
17     }  
18   
19     public void run() {  
20         // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection  
21         mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();  
22   
23         try {  
24             // Connect the device through the socket. This will block  
25             // until it succeeds or throws an exception  
26             mmSocket.connect();  
27         } catch (IOException connectException) {  
28             // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out  
29             try {  
30                 mmSocket.close();  
31             } catch (IOException closeException) { }  
32             return;  
33         }  
34   
35         // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)  
36         manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);  
37     }  
38   
39     /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */  
40     public void cancel() {  
41         try {  
42             mmSocket.close();  
43         } catch (IOException e) { }  
44     }  
45 }  


连接管理(数据通信)

当你成功地连接了两台(或多台)设备时,每个设备都有一个已连接的BluetoothSocket。这时你可以在设备之间共享数据,乐趣才刚开始。 使用BluetoothSocket,传输二进制数据的过程是简单的:

  1. 分别通过getInputStream()和getOutputStream()获得管理数据传输的InputStream和OutputStream。
  2. 通过read(byte[])和write(byte[])从流中读取或写入数据。

 首先,你必须使用一个线程专门用于数据的读或写。这是非常重要的,因为read(byte[])和write(byte[])方法都是阻塞调用。read(byte[])将会阻塞到流中有数据可读。write(byte[])一般不会阻塞,但当远程设备的中间缓冲区已满而对方没有及时地调用read(byte[])时将会一直阻塞。所以,你的线程中的主循环将一直用于从InputStream中读取数据。

 1 private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {  
 2     private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;  
 3     private final InputStream mmInStream;  
 4     private final OutputStream mmOutStream;  
 5   
 6     public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {  
 7         mmSocket = socket;  
 8         InputStream tmpIn = null;  
 9         OutputStream tmpOut = null;  
10   
11         // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because  
12         // member streams are final  
13         try {  
14             tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();  
15             tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();  
16         } catch (IOException e) { }  
17   
18         mmInStream = tmpIn;  
19         mmOutStream = tmpOut;  
20     }  
21   
22     public void run() {  
23         byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer store for the stream  
24         int bytes; // bytes returned from read()  
25   
26         // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs  
27         while (true) {  
28             try {  
29                 // Read from the InputStream  
30                 bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);  
31                 // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity  
32                 mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)  
33                         .sendToTarget();  
34             } catch (IOException e) {  
35                 break;  
36             }  
37         }  
38     }  
39   
40     /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */  
41     public void write(byte[] bytes) {  
42         try {  
43             mmOutStream.write(bytes);  
44         } catch (IOException e) { }  
45     }  
46   
47     /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */  
48     public void cancel() {  
49         try {  
50             mmSocket.close();  
51         } catch (IOException e) { }  
52     }  
53 }  

引用资料:Android官方SDK、《Android/OPhone完全开发讲义》

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/gd920129/article/details/7487761 有改动

 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenbin7/p/2619564.html