Python函数-网络操作（重要）

1、get请求

（1）request模块是一个第三方模块，可用于HTTP接口测试
（2）HTTP接口常用方法：get请求、post请求、发送header、发送cookie、发送json、下载文件、上传文件

# get请求
url = 'http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info'
req = requests.get(url, params={'stu_name': 'abc'})
print(req.json())  # 返回的json直接帮你转成了字典
print(req.text)  # 返回的就是字符串,如果返回的不是json的话，就要用它了
print(req.status_code)  # 返回的http状态码
print(req.content)  # 返回的bytes类型的，下载文件的时候用它

2、post请求

# post请求
url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/login"
req = requests.post(url, data={"username": "niuhanyang", "passwd": "aA123456"})
print(req.json())

3、发送cookie

# 发送cookie
url="https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/get_group_list"
data ={"bkn": 208992859}

# 第一种，传cookie的方式：将cookie值转为字典，再当做参数传入
# s = '_qpsvr_localtk=0.9012023292190232; pgv_pvi=4462138368; pgv_si=s1034338304; uin=o1345741814; skey=@MuFHVWyJC; RK=jloomAjTbY; ptcz=96f512726408f5c2cb47965484725b46e5a4c753b1b2bbcbe8821134be7d3764; p_uin=o1345741814; pt4_token=34aj2ZvqVlX40QMhCU2XqMk6zJsv3nQtbVaR3Xeg2Yw_; p_skey=UcydxmonceN8i3FE7PGSbckH1CZ0kpjvRU8x2mqrmKo_; traceid=3664fbb14c'
# d = {}#将字符串转换为字典
# for c in s.split(';'):
#     k,v = c.strip().split('=')
#     d[k] = v

# 结果如下：
d = {'pgv_pvi': '6636933120', 'RK': 'gRZhhBpNbS', 'ptcz': '14bab564718e3e1048a09cc0e18a23f7c51f20d5b93da610cc1427f51f63a2f8', 'pgv_pvid': '4990195883', 'ts_uid': '5190463916', 'uin': 'o0511402865', 'pgv_si': 's7505852416', 'skey': '@2ttDS8Ljw', 'p_uin': 'o0511402865', 'pt4_token': 'AgqIsYBhO1b82zx1N4SxoGpCxGV0d38ss7jCI1nYfIg_', 'p_skey': '9nlMjw4Uy44*Hu5iL3DOFonmAtZtExiniLykrsIRKmM_', 'traceid': '14035c8a79'}
req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=d)
print(req.json())

4、发送header

# 发送header 
# #第二种传cookie的方式：直接把cookie当做字符串，传入
header = {'cookie':"pgv_pvi=6636933120; RK=gRZhhBpNbS; ptcz=14bab564718e3e1048a09cc0e18a23f7c51f20d5b93da610cc1427f51f63a2f8; pgv_pvid=4990195883; ts_uid=5190463916; uin=o0511402865; pgv_si=s7505852416; skey=@2ttDS8Ljw; p_uin=o0511402865; pt4_token=AgqIsYBhO1b82zx1N4SxoGpCxGV0d38ss7jCI1nYfIg_; p_skey=9nlMjw4Uy44*Hu5iL3DOFonmAtZtExiniLykrsIRKmM_; traceid=14035c8a79"}
req = requests.post(url,data,headers=header) #headers中传的header的字典key必须为'cookie'
print(req.json())

5、发送json

#传json（钉钉）
url = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=44402c9408df8cf3f429c02a20399fc34604f98cf572fcaeaa3f9592426176a7"
today = datetime.datetime.now()
d = {"msgtype": "text", "text": {"content": "现在是%s，大家不要忘记我哦！暗号：besttest" % today}}
req = requests.post(url, json=d) #指定上传参数类型为json
print(req.json())
print(req.cookies)  # 获取cookies

6、下载文件 

#下载文件
url = "https://q4.qlogo.cn/g?b=qq&nk=516481730&s=140" #获取QQ用户头像接口
req = requests.get(url)

f = open('wjl.jpg', 'wb') #打开文件，wb为写字节格式
f.write(req.content)  #content获取所有的字节数据
f.close()

7、上传文件

#上传文件
url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/file/file_upload"
f = open('wjl.jpg', 'rb')
# 1、文件上传content-type为json格式时
# data = {'file':f}
# 2、文件上传格式为form-data时
# data = {'file': (filename, f, ''image / jpeg'')}
data = {'file': f}  # 根据接口文档参数来
r = requests.post(url, files=data)  #指定上传参数类型为files
print(r.json())
f.close()