include介绍

如果诸位有在shell或者python文件中调用其它文件内函数的操作，那就很容易理解include（也算类似nginx主配置文件中的include）。include的出现可以我们更加简洁且条理清晰的去编写playbook。用一个总的yaml去包含所有子yaml，呈现在用户眼前的只有主yaml中寥寥几行include。

include历史用法

引用其它yaml：搭建LNMP需要mysql，装jira/confluence等也需要，so把mysql单独拎出来。（感觉此例不太恰当，emmm，反正就这意思）。

  0 20:26:46 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common1.yaml 
- yum: name=mysql
  0 20:26:50 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat lnmp.yaml 
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - include: /server/ops_ansible/common1.yaml
  - name: deploy lnmp 
    yum: name=nginx,php-fpm
  0 20:26:52 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook lnmp.yaml

引用其它yaml时传入变量。

  0 20:29:32 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common2.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "{{var1}}"
- debug:
    msg: "{{var2}}"
  0 20:29:38 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test1.yaml 
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - include: /server/ops_ansible/common2.yaml
      var1=bob
      var2=zoe
  0 20:29:41 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook test1.yaml

针对某个include打标签。

  0 10:08:01 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common3.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "task1 load common3.yml"
  0 10:08:05 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common4.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "task2 load common4.yml"
  0 10:08:06 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test3.yaml 
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - name: task1
    include: /server/ops_ansible/common3.yaml
    tags: t1
  - name: task2
    include: /server/ops_ansible/common4.yaml
    tags: t2
  0 10:08:10 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook -t t2 test3.yaml

为include添加条件判断和循环。

  0 10:16:03 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common5.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "task load common5.yml"
  0 10:16:52 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test4.yaml 
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - include: /server/ops_ansible/common5.yaml
    when: 5>2
  - include: /server/ops_ansible/common5.yaml
    loop: [1,2,3]
  0 10:16:58 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook test4.yaml

当外层test.yaml文件和内层common.yaml文件都存在loop循环的时候，内层item默认会调用自己的loop，如果想要调用外层的loop，需要用loop_var指定。

  0 10:33:42 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common6.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "{{item}} -- task load common6.yml"
  loop: [a,b,c]
  0 10:33:43 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test5.yaml 
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - include: /server/ops_ansible/common6.yaml
    loop: [1,2,3]
  0 10:33:46 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook test5.yaml
# 指定调用外层文件的loop。
  0 10:36:34 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common7.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "{{outer_item}} -- {{item}} -- task load common6.yml"
  loop: [a,b,c]
  0 10:36:38 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test6.yaml 
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - include: /server/ops_ansible/common7.yaml
    loop: [1,2,3]
    loop_control:
      loop_var: outer_item
  0 10:36:40 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook test6.yaml

include_tasks用法

新用法包含关系用include_tasks来替代include，理解了上面的include，include_task也基本掌握了。

  0 10:43:02 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common.yaml
- debug:
    msg: "task1 load common.yml"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# include
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "test task1"
  - include: common.yaml
  - debug:
      msg: "test task2"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# include_tasks
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "test task1"
  - include_tasks: common.yaml	# include_tasks会打印出common文件的绝对路径，include不会。
  - debug:
      msg: "test task2"
# 上面的写法等于省略了file参数，还原写法如下：
  - include_tasks: 
      file: /server/ops_ansible/common.yaml

include_tasks+tags

  0 13:24:28 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat common.yaml 
- debug:
    msg: "task1 load common.yml"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 举例一
## include
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "test task1"
  - include: common.yaml
    tags: t1
  - debug:
      msg: "test task2"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## include_tasks
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "test task1"
  - include_tasks: common.yaml
    tags: t1
  - debug:
      msg: "test task2"
## 说明：比执行结果会发现include会执行引用的common任务，而include_tasks则不会。说明include_tasks下的tags只用作用于自身，不作用与包含的任务。
# 举例二：如果想要例1的tags也作用于包含的任务，需要接住apply参数。
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "test task1"
  - include_tasks: 
      file: common.yaml
      apply: 
        tags: t1
    tags: always
  - debug:
      msg: "test task2"
      tag: t2
## 说明：例2的结果说明apply中的tags作用于include_tasks所包含的任务，且如果想要apply中的tags生效，还必须包含always标签。

import_playbook用法

使用”include”关键字除了能引用任务列表，还能引用整个playbook。在ansible 2.8版本之后，统一使用“import_playbook”模块替代“include”模块用来引入playbook，”include”关键字的引用整个playbook特性已被弃用。

示例如下

  0 14:33:04 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test1.yaml
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "task in test1.yaml"
- import_playbook: test2.yaml
  0 14:33:10 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # cat test2.yaml
---
- hosts: ck-node1
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "task load test2.yaml"
  0 14:33:11 root@ck-ansible,172.16.2.9:/server/ops_ansible # ansible-playbook test1.yaml

import_playbook其它用法和include基本一样，不再赘述。

写作不易，转载请注明出处，谢谢~~