【Python基础知识】(四)比较运算符、逻辑运算符和if语句

比较运算符

1、检查是否相等

  相等运算符(==):用来判断二者是否“相等”,注意与赋值运算符(=)区分

car = 'audi'
'''在Python中判断是否相等时区分大小写'''
car == 'Audi'    '''False,返回0'''
car.title() == 'Audi'    '''True,返回1'''

2、检查是否不相等

  (1)比较数字:小于(<)、小于等于(<=)、大于(>)、大于等于(>=)

age = 19

age < 21    '''True,返回1'''
age <= 21    '''True,返回1'''
age > 19    '''False,返回0'''
age >= 19    '''True,返回1'''

  (2)条件判断:不等于(!=)

requested_topping = 'mushrooms'

if requested_topping != 'anchovies':
    print("Hold the anchovies!")

逻辑运算符

  使用逻辑运算符andor可一次检查多个条件,形成更复杂的判断式。

age_0 = 22
age_1 = 18
age_0 >= 21 and age_1 >= 21    '''False,返回0'''
age_0 >= 21 or age_1 >= 21    '''True,返回1'''
age_1 = 22
age_0 >= 21 and age_1 >= 21    '''True,返回1'''

if语句

  上述程序中的判断语句,均可作为if语句的条件测试。若测试值为真,Python将会执行if语句所包含的代码,若为假则不会执行。

1、简单的if语句

age = 19
if age >= 18:
    print("You are old enough to vote!")

2、if-else语句

age = 17
if age >= 18:
    print("You are old enough to vote!")
    print("Have you registered to vote yet?")
else:
    print("Sorry, you are too young to vote.")
    print("Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!") 

 输出为:

Sorry, you are too young to vote.
Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!

  和for语句相同,当测试值为真时,Python会执行所有紧跟在if语句之后且缩进的代码

3、if-elif-else结构(elif意为else if)

  可用于进行多分支的判断。

age = 12

if age < 4:
    price = 0
elif age < 18:
    price = 5
elif age < 65:
    price = 10
else:
    price = 5

print("Your admission cost is " + str(price) + " dollars.")

使用if语句处理列表

1、判断列表是否为空

  当把列表名用作if语句的条件表达式时,Python将在列表至少包含一个元素时返回True,在列表为空时返回False。

requested_toppings = []
if requested_toppings:
    print("not empty")
else:
    print("empty")
'''列表为空,故打印empty'''

2、判断元素是否在列表中

  使用in表示包含于列表,not in表示不包含于列表。

available_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'olives', 'green peppers', 
                      'pepperoni', 'pineapple', 'extra cheese']  '''在Python中,当一行代码过多时,可像这样直接换行继续写'''
requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'french fries', 'extra cheese']

for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
    if requested_topping not in available_toppings:
        print("Sorry, we don't have " + requested_topping + ".")
    else:
        print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")

print("
Finished making your pizza!")

 输出为:

Adding mushrooms.
Sorry, we don't have french fries.
Adding extra cheese.

Finished making your pizza!

参考书籍:《Python编程:从入门到实践》

2020-07-09

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/carl39/p/13275061.html