Spring Session解决Session共享

1. 分布式Session共享

  在分布式集群部署环境下,使用Session存储用户信息,往往出现Session不能共享问题。
  例如:服务集群部署后,分为服务A和服务B,当用户登录时负载到服务A登录成功返回用户Session存到本地Cookie中,下一次操作时从Cookie中获取session添加到请求头并负载到服务B,服务B通过Session Id无法获取用户信息,则返回新的Sssion,这样就出现了Session不共享问题。

2. 常见解决方案

  • 使用Cookie存储用户信息(不推荐,极其不安全)
  • 通过Tomcat内置的Session同步机制(不推荐,可能出现延迟)
  • 使用数据库同步Session(不推荐,效率低)
  • 使用Nginx的ip_hash策略(可用,同一个ip只能负载到同一个server,消失负载均衡功能)
  • 使用token代替Session(推荐,前后端分离/微服务首选)
  • 使用Spring Session实现Session共享(推荐,单体应用集群部署可用)
      以Spring Session将Session存储在Redis中实现Session共享为例。

3. 演示问题

  • 创建Maven工程
  • 修改pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.c3stones</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-session-demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-session-demo</name>
	<description>Spring Boot Session Demo</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath />
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>
  • 创建Controller
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * 用户Controller
 * 
 * @author CL
 *
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {

	private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

	@Value("${server.port}")
	private Integer port;

	/**
	 * 模拟登录
	 * 
	 * @param session  HttpSession
	 * @param username 用户名
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value = "/login")
	public String login(HttpSession session, String username) {
		session.setAttribute("username", username);
		String msg = String.format("用户登录的当前服务端口:%s,用户名称为:%s,Session ID为:%s", port, username, session.getId());
		logger.info(msg);
		return msg;
	}

	/**
	 * 获取用户信息
	 * 
	 * @param session  HttpSession
	 * @param username 用户名
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value = "/getUserInfo")
	public String getUserInfo(HttpSession session) {
		String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
		String msg = String.format("获取到的当前服务端口:%s,用户名称为:%s,Session ID为:%s", port, username, session.getId());
		logger.info(msg);
		return msg;
	}

}
  • 创建启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * 启动类
 * 
 * @author CL
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
	}

}
  • 创建配置文件application.yml
server:
   port: ${PORT:8080}
  • 打jar包
#CMD进入项目根路径执行命令
mvn clean install
upstream backend {
    server 192.168.0.100:8081 weight=1; 
    server 192.168.0.100:8082 weight=1; 
}

server {
    listen  8080;
    server_name  192.168.0.100;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass  http://backend;
    }
}
  • 上传至服务器并启动
#启动Nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

#启动服务,端口8081
nohup java -jar -DPORT=8081 spring-session-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT &

#启动服务,端口8082
nohup java -jar -DPORT=8082 spring-session-demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT &
  • 测试
      (可选)本地Hosts文件配置域名映射:192.168.0.100 www.c3stones.com
    模拟登录,生成Session:

    获取用户信息:


      从返回可以看出三次调用返回的Session Id均不一致。
      使用Nginx默认轮询策略,第一次登录负载到8081端口服务上,生成Session,浏览器缓存Session,第二次获取用户信息,浏览器将8081生成的Session绑定到请求头,Nginx负载到8082服务上,8082服务找不到该Session信息,重新生成Session,浏览器将新生成的Session替换之前保存的Session,重复循环,造成用户登录后,两个服务均无用户信息。

4. Spring Session概述

  Spring Session是Spring家族中的一个子项目,Spring Session提供了用于管理用户会话信息的API和实现。它把Servlet容器实现的HttpSession替换为Spring Session,专注于解决Session管理问题,Session信息存储在Redis中,可简单快速的集成到应用中;
  Spring Session官网地址:https://spring.io/projects/spring-session
  Spring Session的特性:
    a. 提供用户Session管理的API和实现;
    b. 提供HttpSession,取代web容器的Session;
    c. 支持集群的Session处理,解决集群下的Session共享问题;

5. 解决问题,实现Session共享

  • 修改pom.xml文件,添加配置
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.c3stones</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-session-demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>spring-session-demo</name>
	<description>Spring Boot Session Demo</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath />
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
			<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>
server:
   port: ${PORT:8080}
   
spring:
   redis:
      database: 0
      host: 192.168.0.100
      port: 6379
      password: 123456
      jedis:
         pool:
            max-active: 8
            max-wait: -1
            max-idle: 8
            min-idle: 0
      timeout: 10000
  • 添加Session配置类
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;

/**
 * Session配置类
 * 
 * @EnableRedisHttpSession:启用支持Redis存储Session</br>
 * 												maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds:Session最大过期时间
 * 
 * @author CL
 *
 */
@EnableRedisHttpSession(maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds = 1800)
public class SessionConfig {

	@Value("${spring.redis.database}")
	private Integer database;

	@Value("${spring.redis.host}")
	private String host;

	@Value("${spring.redis.port}")
	private Integer port;

	@Value("${spring.redis.password}")
	private String password;

	/**
	 * 注入Redis连接工厂
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	@Bean
	public JedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
		RedisStandaloneConfiguration configuration = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
		configuration.setHostName(host);
		configuration.setPort(port);
		configuration.setPassword(password);
		configuration.setDatabase(database);
		return new JedisConnectionFactory(configuration);
	}

}
  • 添加Session初始化类
import org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;

/**
 * Session初始化,向Servlet容器中添加SpringSessionRepositoryFilter
 * 
 * @author CL
 *
 */
public class SessionInitializer extends AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer {

	public SessionInitializer() {
		super(SessionConfig.class);
	}

}
  • 添加线程池配置类
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

/**
 * 线程池配置
 * 
 * @author CL
 *
 */
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {

	/**
	 * Spring Session任务执行器配置
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	@Bean
	public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor springSessionRedisTaskExecutor() {
		ThreadPoolTaskExecutor springSessionRedisTaskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
		springSessionRedisTaskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);
		springSessionRedisTaskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(16);
		springSessionRedisTaskExecutor.setKeepAliveSeconds(10);
		springSessionRedisTaskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(1000);
		springSessionRedisTaskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix("spring-session-thread:");
		return springSessionRedisTaskExecutor;
	}
}
  • 重新打包,部署
  • 测试
    模拟登录,生成Session:

    获取用户信息:


      从返回可以看出三次调用返回的Session Id一致,已经实现了Session共享问题。
  • 查看Redis

      a.Spring Session定时任务触发Session过期,数据类型:Set
        Key:spring:session:expirations:XXXXX
      b.存储Session,数据类型:Hash
        Key:spring:session:sessions:XXXXXXX
      c. Redis TTL触发Session过期,数据类型:String
        Key:spring:session:sessions:expires:XXXXX

6. 实现原理

  当Web服务器接收到http请求后,请求进入SpringSessionRepositoryFilter,将原本需要由Web服务器创建会话的过程转交给Spring Session进行创建,本来创建的会话保存在Web服务器内存中,通过Spring Session创建的会话信息保存第三方的服务中,如:Redis、Mysql等。Web服务器之间通过连接第三方服务来共享数据,实现Session共享!

7. 项目地址

  spring-session-demo

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cao-lei/p/13038893.html