SpringMVC @RequestBody的使用

@RequestBody的作用

@RequestBody用于读取Request请求的body数据,然后利用SpringMVC配置的HttpMessageConverter对数据进行转换,最后把转换后的数据绑定到被@RequestBody注解的参数上;

@RequestBody的使用场景

根据request header中 Content-Type和被@RequestBody注解的参数不同,最常见的应用场景如下:

  1.  Content-Type为application/json
    • 参数为JavaBean:可实现json反序列化为JavaBean,使用的HttpMessageConverter为 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
    • 参数为String:简单将字符串赋值给参数,使用的HttpMessageConverter为 StringHttpMessageConverter
  2.  Content-Type为application/xml
    • 参数为JavaBean可实现xml反序列化为JavaBean,使用的HttpMessageConverter为 Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter
    • 参数为String:简单将字符串赋值给参数,使用的HttpMessageConverter为 StringHttpMessageConverter
  3. application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    • 参数为String:简单将字符串赋值给参数,使用的HttpMessageConverter为 StringHttpMessageConverter

HttpMessageConverter接口

该接口定义了五个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead()、read() ,写入数据时的canWrite()、 write()方法以及获取支持类型的 getSupportedMediaTypes()

public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
// Indicate whether the given class and media type can be read by this converter.
boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
// Indicate whether the given class and media type can be written by this converter.
boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
// Return the list of MediaType objects supported by this converter.
List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
// Read an object of the given type from the given input message, and returns it.
T read(Class<T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException,
HttpMessageNotReadableException;
// Write an given object to the given output message.
void write(T t, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException,
HttpMessageNotWritableException;
}

使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter,并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

  1. ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
  2. StringHttpMessageConverter:   负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;
  3. ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据; 
  4. FormHttpMessageConverter:       负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;
  5. MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入json格式的数据;
  6. SouceHttpMessageConverter:                   负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;
  7. Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;
  8. AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter:              负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;
  9. RssChannelHttpMessageConverter:           负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;

HttpMessageConverter匹配过程

根据Request对象header部分的ContentType类型和被注解参数类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

    protected <T> Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
            Type targetType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
......
        MediaType contentType;
        contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
.......

        for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
            Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass();
            if (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter) {
                GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter = (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter;
                if (genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType)) {
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("Read [" + targetType + "] as "" + contentType + "" with [" + converter + "]");
                    }
                    if (inputMessage.getBody() != null) {
                        inputMessage = getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                        body = genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, inputMessage);
                        body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                    }
                    else {
                        body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            else if (targetClass != null) {
                if (converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType)) {
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("Read [" + targetType + "] as "" + contentType + "" with [" + converter + "]");
                    }
                    if (inputMessage.getBody() != null) {
                        inputMessage = getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                        body = ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, inputMessage);
                        body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                    }
                    else {
                        body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, inputMessage, parameter, targetType, converterType);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
.......

        return body;
    }

注意

  1. 在一个方法的参数列表中,@RequestBody只能使用一次;
  2. json字符串中,如果value为""的话,后端对应属性如果是String类型的,那么接受到的就是"",如果是后端属性的类型是Integer、Double等类型,那么接收到的就是null;
  3. json字符串中,如果value为null的话,后端对应收到的就是null;
  4. 在传json字符串给后端时,如果某个key没有value的话,要么干脆就不写该key,要么就将value赋值null  或"",不能有类似 {......,"key":,.....}, 这样的写法
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/canger/p/10333132.html