Spring声明式事务管理与配置详解

1、Spring声明式事务配置的五种方式

　　前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之前对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

　　总结如下：

　　Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

　　DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

　　具体如下图：

　　根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
        <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

......
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase">
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
    </bean>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

......
    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
        <property name="beanNames">
            <list>
                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="interceptorNames">
            <list>
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器（常用）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
    </aop:config>
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <!-- ========================================分隔线========================================= -->

    <tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 修改 保存 删除 -->
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
            
            <!-- 查询方法只读 -->
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false"/>
            <tx:method name="list*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="query*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="load*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="search*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="datagrid*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="select*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut" expression="execution(* com.meiren.message.service.impl.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut" advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />
    </aop:config>

第五种方式：全注解（常用）

......
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

　　此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
    public List<User> listUsers() {
        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    }
    ......
}

一个完整的常用的配置方便的事务配置例子

    <!-- 配置dataSource -->
    <bean id="dataSource"  class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"  destroy-method="close">  
        <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置transactionManager -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 定义事务处理规则 -->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 事务传播属性、隔离级别、最优化为只读事务、事务超时 -->
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" read-only="true" timeout="-1"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    
    <aop:config>
        <!-- 定义切面 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcutId" expression="execution(* com.google.code..*.*Service.*(..))"/>
        <!-- 定义织入点规则 -->
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcutId"/>
    </aop:config>

转载：https://www.cnblogs.com/hellojava/archive/2012/11/21/2780694.html