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 1 #define getc() (p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,1<<21,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++)
 2 char buf[1<<21],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;
 3 char obuf[1<<24],*o=obuf;int wt[30];
 4 struct IO_Tp
 5 {
 6 
 7     bool is_digit(const char ch)
 8     {
 9         return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9';
10     }
11     
12     IO_Tp& operator>>(int& res)
13     {
14         res = 0;
15         char ch;
16         bool neg(false);
17         while (ch = getc(), !is_digit(ch))
18             neg = ch == '-';
19         do
20             (res *= 10) += ch & 15;
21         while (ch = getc(), is_digit(ch));
22         neg ? res = -res : res;
23         return *this;
24     }
25     
26     IO_Tp& operator<<(int x){
27         if(!x) {*o++='0';return *this;}
28         if(x<0) *o++='-',x=-x;
29         int l=0;
30         while(x) wt[++l]=x%10,x/=10;
31         while(l) *o++=wt[l--]+'0';
32         return *this;
33     }
34     IO_Tp& operator<<(char ch)
35     {
36         *o++ = ch;
37         return *this;
38     }
39     
40 } IO;

fwrite(obuf,o-obuf,1,stdout);