[leetcode] 238. Product of Array Except Self

题目大意

https://leetcode.com/problems/product-of-array-except-self/description/

238. Product of Array Except Self

Given an array nums of n integers where n > 1, return an array output such that output[i] is equal to the product of all the elements of nums except nums[i].

Example:

Input:  [1,2,3,4]
Output: [24,12,8,6]

Note: Please solve it without division and in O(n).

Follow up:
Could you solve it with constant space complexity? (The output array does not count as extra space for the purpose of space complexity analysis.)

给定长度为n的整数数组nums,其中n > 1,返回输出数组output,满足output[i]等于除nums[i]之外其余各数的乘积。

不使用除法,在O(n)时间复杂度内完成此题目。

例如,给定 [1,2,3,4],返回 [24,12,8,6]。

进一步思考:

你可以在常数空间复杂度内完成题目吗?(注意:输出数组不算在空间复杂度分析中)

解题思路

思路1:除法

计算全部数字的乘积,然后分别除以num数组中的每一个数(需要排除数字0)。然而,题目要求不能使用除法。

思路2:计算每个元素的前后元素累计乘积

对数组中的每一个数,计算其前面元素及其后面元素的乘积。然而,时间复杂度O(n^2),超出时间限制。

class Solution(object):
    def productExceptSelf(self, nums):  #  Time Limit Exceeded
        return [self.product(nums[:i] + nums[i+1:]) for i in range(len(nums))]

    def product(self, arr):
        res = 1
        for n in arr:
            res *= n
        return res

思路3:正反遍历数组

由于res[i] = (x0 * x1 * ... * xi-1) * (xi+1 * .... * xn-1),因此执行两趟循环:

  • 第一趟正向遍历数组,计算x0 ~ xi-1的乘积
  • 第二趟反向遍历数组,计算xi+1 ~ xn-1的乘积

时间复杂度O(n),空间复杂度O(1)

class Solution(object):
    def productExceptSelf(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :rtype: List[int]
        """
        size = len(nums)
        res = [1] * size
        left = 1
        for i in range(size):  # forword
            res[i] *= left
            left *= nums[i]
        right = 1
        for i in range(size-1, -1, -1):  # backword
            res[i] *= right
            right *= nums[i]
        return res

参考:

https://leetcode.com/problems/product-of-array-except-self/discuss/65625/Python-solution-(Accepted)-O(n)-time-O(1)-space

http://bookshadow.com/weblog/2015/07/16/leetcode-product-array-except-self/

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bymo/p/9596963.html