最后更新时间：2018/12/18
启用归档
--检查是否为归档
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 1423
Current log sequence 1425
No Archive Mode 表示非归档模式
开归档：
alter database archivelog;
关归档：
alter database noarchivelog;
★ 开启归档步骤
--关库
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
--配置归档路径
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/arch';
--开启归档
alter database archivelog;
-- 确认开启了归档
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence 1423
Next log sequence to archive 1425
Current log sequence 1425
Rman备份
前置条件
做全量备份时，rman也会生成控制文件快照，只是这个控制文件快照生于备份集产生，不包含最后一次的备份信息，因而不能用于最后一次备份集恢复，解决办法有两种：
1. 开启控制文件自动备份
RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name to '/home/oracle/product/11gr2/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f';
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
2. 全量备份后再备份控制文件
一般建议在全量备份后，备份控制文件、SPFILE 到指定路径，以备需要时可以恢复。
Rman自动备份相关脚本
startrmans.sh
#!/bin/bash
bak_dir=/home/oracle/rmans
# mkdir -p $bak_dir/{logs,data,init_files}
day=`date +%Y%m%d`
tm=`date "+%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "$tm begin backup."
echo "delete archive logs"
find /home/oracle/arch -name "*.dbf" -mtime +10 -exec rm -f {} ;
rman target / nocatalog <<EOF >$bak_dir/logs/fullbak`date +%Y%m%d`.log
run{
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
backup database
format "$bak_dir/data/fullback_%d_%T_%s";
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctlfile' format="$bak_dir/init_files/ctl_file_%U_%T";
backup spfile tag='spfile' format='$bak_dir/init_files/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c1;
}
report obsolete;
delete noprompt obsolete;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
list backup summary;
exit;
EOF
tm=`date "+%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S"`
echo "$tm end backup."Rman备份恢复验证
在数据库运行过程，将数据文件、控制文件、redo文件移到别的目录，强行关掉数据库，再开数据库验证失败。
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Dec 18 09:57:34 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3273641984 bytes
Fixed Size 2217792 bytes
Variable Size 2466252992 bytes
Database Buffers 788529152 bytes
Redo Buffers 16642048 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
select open_mode from v$database
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01507: database not mounted
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
恢复操作
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 18 10:15:25 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 3273641984 bytes
Fixed Size 2217792 bytes
Variable Size 2466252992 bytes
Database Buffers 788529152 bytes
Redo Buffers 16642048 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rmans/init_files/ctl_file_11tl2p0u_1_1_20181218';
Starting restore at 18-DEC-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=958 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/home/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 18-DEC-18
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 18-DEC-18
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 18-DEC-18
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=958 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 5 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 18-DEC-18
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 18-DEC-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 18-DEC-18
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
…………….省略部分……….
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181218_31 tag=TAG20181218T093553
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15
Finished restore at 18-DEC-18
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 18-DEC-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1438
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 12/18/2018 10:32:34
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1438 and starting SCN of 62636468
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
执行完不完全恢复完成。
周末测试后数据库恢复
先将数据库关闭，再直接用rman开启到 mount状态
RMAN> startup nomount;
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 3273641984 bytes
Fixed Size 2217792 bytes
Variable Size 2466252992 bytes
Database Buffers 788529152 bytes
Redo Buffers 16642048 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rmans/init_files/ctl_file_11tl2p0u_1_1_20181218';
RMAN> alter database mount;
RMAN> list backup; #查看最新备份数据文件SCN 62636468
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
22 Full 3.28G DISK 00:00:30 18-DEC-18
BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20181218T093553
Piece Name: /home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181218_31
List of Datafiles in backup set 22
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 62636468 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 62636468 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 62636468 18-DEC-18 /home/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
RMAN>run
{set until scn 62636468;
restore database;
recover database;
}
rman备份集清理
手工删除了备份集磁盘文件后，使用crosscheck backupset 检查会提示EXPIRED.需要使用 delete expired backupset; 删除对应记录。
RMAN> crosscheck backupset ;
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=776 device type=DISK
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_2 RECID=1 STAMP=995105790
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_3 RECID=2 STAMP=995107713
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_4 RECID=3 STAMP=995107750
Crosschecked 3 objects
RMAN> delete expired backupset;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
1 1 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_2
2 2 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_3
3 3 1 1 EXPIRED DISK /home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_4
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? YES
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_2 RECID=1 STAMP=995105790
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_3 RECID=2 STAMP=995107713
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/rmans/data/fullback_ORCL_20181217_4 RECID=3 STAMP=995107750
Deleted 3 EXPIRED objects
常用命令
--查看所有配置
RMAN> show all;
--查看备份集
list backup summary
-- 列出不符合备份策略的备份记录
report obsolete
--查看备份策略
RMAN> show RETENTION POLICY;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
EXPIRED和OBSOLETE的区别
EXPIRED状态的产生，与crosscheck命令是密切相关的，RMAN通过crosscheck命令检查备份是否存在于备份介质上，如果不存在，则状态由AVAILABLE改为EXPIRED。即一般是硬盘上被人工删除掉的文件会显示为EXPIRED。
而OBSOLETE是指该超过保留策略的备份，标记为obsolete。如已有一个全量备份，之前的备份被标识为obsolete。
recover database until cancel和 recover database区别
recover database until cancel用于不完全恢复，可以一步一步的跳也就是一个一个归档的应用，也可以AUTO全部应用，当然也可以在恢复完某个archivelog后cancel退出，但是他不会恢复current logfile如果需要恢复current logfile需要自己指定。
recover database 用于完全恢复，全部一起应用，包含current logfile，但是如果没有current logfile当然也会报错。