ubuntu16.04安装mysql数据库

　　安装

sudo apt-get install mysql-server（安装过程中按提示设置root密码）

sudo apt-get install mysql-client

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

　　查看数据库是否安装成功：

sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql

　　一般情况下安装好数据库就自己运行了。手动运行、停止、重启数据库命令：

service mysql start

service mysql restart

service mysql stop

ubuntu命令行操作数据库
- 登录mysql数据库

(base) bryant@VM:~$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 119
Server version: 5.7.27-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

　　按提示输入root密码进入mysql命令行。

- 退出mysql命令行

mysql> quit
Bye

或者在mysl命令行按CTR+D退出到shell界面

- 显示数据库列表

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| permdb |
| stocks |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

- 选中数据库

mysql> use permdb ;

Database changed

- 显示数据库中的所有表

mysql> show tables;
+--------------------------------+
| Tables_in_permdb |
+--------------------------------+
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| auth_user |
| auth_user_groups |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_migrations |
| django_session |
| guardian_groupobjectpermission |
| guardian_userobjectpermission |
| perm_task |
+--------------------------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

- help查看可用命令

mysql> help

List of all MySQL commands:
Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ';'
? (?) Synonym for `help'.
clear (c) Clear the current input statement.
connect ( ) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host.
delimiter (d) Set statement delimiter.
edit (e) Edit command with $EDITOR.
ego (G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.
exit (q) Exit mysql. Same as quit.
go (g) Send command to mysql server.
...

让MySQL服务器被远程访问

　　打开mysql配置文件

　　注意：不同 mysql 版本此配置文件位置和名字可能不同(5.7.26的配置文件:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf)

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

　　找到将bind-address = 127.0.0.1注释

　　#bind-address = 127.0.0.1

　　修改后，重启MySQL服务器

将字符编码设置为UTF-8

　　默认情况下，MySQL的字符集是latin1，因此在存储中文的时候，会出现乱码的情况，所以我们需要把字符集统一改成UTF-8。

　　a）打开mysql配置文件：

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

　　b）在[client]下追加：

default-character-set=utf8

　　c）在[mysqld]下追加：

character-set-server=utf8

　　d）在[mysql]下追加：

default-character-set=utf8

　　修改后，重启MySQL服务器。登录mysql查看字符串编码：

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

设置utf8字符的另一种方法

　　进去mysql后，

set character_set_database=utf8;

set character_set_server=utf8;

　　然后重启服务器。