一、个人主页
随笔分类
需求：查询当前站点每一个分类的名称以及对应的文章数
完成这个需求，就可以展示左侧的分类
它需要利用分组查询，那么必须要会基于双下划线的查询。
基于双下划线的查询，简单来讲，就是用join。将多个表拼接成一张表，那么就可以单表操作了！
表关系图
图中箭头开始的英文字母表示关联字段
按照箭头方向查询，表示正向查询，否则为反向查询
分解步骤：
先来查询每一个分类的名称以及对应的文章数
看上面的关系图，以Category表为基础表来查询Article表对应的文章数，需要用到反向查询。
记住一个原则，正向查询使用字段，反向查询使用表名
修改views.py，导入相关表和聚合函数
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.contrib import auth from blog.models import Article,UserInfo,Blog,Category,Tag from django.db.models import Sum,Avg,Max,Min,Count # Create your views here. def login(request):</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.method==<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: user</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) pwd</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">pwd</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 用户验证成功,返回user对象,否则返回None</span> user=auth.authenticate(username=user,password=<span style="color: #000000;">pwd) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 登录,注册session</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 全局变量 request.user=当前登陆对象(session中)</span>auth.login(request,user)
return redirect("/index/")</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)def index(request):
article_list=Article.objects.all()
return render(request,"index.html",{"article_list":article_list})def logout(request): # 注销
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/index/")def homesite(request,username):
"""
查询
:param request:
:param username:
:return:
"""
# 查询当前站点的用户对象
user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
if not user:
return render(request,"not_found.html")
# 查询当前站点对象
blog=user.blog</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> article_list=Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) ret </span>= Category.objects.values(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">pk</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(ret) dict </span>= {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:blog, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:article_list, } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
解释：
pk表示主键
上面这句sql表示以Category表id来分组，得到分类名以及统计数
多添加几篇文章，给另外一个用户也添加几篇文章
访问个人站点：http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/
查看Pycharm控制台输出：
<QuerySet [{'c': 1, 'title': 'python'}, {'c': 1, 'title': 'ajax'}, {'c': 2, 'title': 'django'}, {'c': 2, 'title': 'linux运维'}]>
上面得到了所有文章的分类以及文章数。
再来查询当前站点每一个分类的名称以及对应的文章数
思路：只需要对Category表进行筛选，过滤中当前站点用户的分类
在homesite视图函数中，已经有一个当前站点的blog对象。
在Category模型表中，有一个blog属性，它和blog是一对多关系。那么只需要blog=blog，就可以了
修改视图函数homesite的ret变量
ret = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count("article__title")).values("title","c")
注意：等式左边的blog表示Category模型表的blog属性，实际上就是blog_id字段
等式右边的是blog变量，它是一个model对象。那么blog=blog，就可以查询出，当前站点的分类了！
刷新网页，查看Pycharm控制台输出：
<QuerySet [{'title': 'python', 'c': 1}, {'title': 'ajax', 'c': 1}, {'title': 'django', 'c': 2}]
既然结果出来了，模板就可以渲染了
修改homesite视图函数，完整代码如下：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.contrib import auth from blog.models import Article,UserInfo,Blog,Category,Tag from django.db.models import Sum,Avg,Max,Min,Count # Create your views here. def login(request):</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.method==<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: user</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) pwd</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">pwd</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 用户验证成功,返回user对象,否则返回None</span> user=auth.authenticate(username=user,password=<span style="color: #000000;">pwd) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 登录,注册session</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 全局变量 request.user=当前登陆对象(session中)</span>auth.login(request,user)
return redirect("/index/")</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)def index(request):
article_list=Article.objects.all()
return render(request,"index.html",{"article_list":article_list})def logout(request): # 注销
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/index/")def homesite(request,username):
"""
查询
:param request:
:param username:
:return:
"""
# 查询当前站点的用户对象
user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
if not user:
return render(request,"not_found.html")
# 查询当前站点对象
blog=user.blog
print(blog,type(blog))</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> article_list=Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) cate_list </span>= Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(cate_list) dict </span>= {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:blog, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:article_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">cate_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:cate_list } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
修改homesite.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title><style> *<span style="color: #000000;"> { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .header { </span>100%<span style="color: #000000;">; height: 59px; background</span>-color: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">369;</span>}
.header .title { line</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">height: 59px; color: white; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: lighter; margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">left: 20px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 18px; } .left_region { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; } .info { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; color: darkgray; } h5 a { color: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">105cb6;</span> font-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 14px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: bold; text</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">decoration: underline; } </span></style> <link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">stylesheet</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/js/jquery.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="left_region">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
{% for cate in cate_list %}
<p><a href="">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p>
{% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> Panel content </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> Panel content </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">col-md-9</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> article <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> article_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_item clearfix</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h5><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ article.title }}</a></h5> <div> <span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">small desc </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {{ article.desc }} </span></span> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">info small pull-right</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> 发布于 </span><span>{{ article.create_time|date:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Y-m-d H:i</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> }}</span>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><img src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/img/icon_comment.gif</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> alt=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>><<span style="color: #000000;">a href</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>评论({{ article.comment_count }})</a>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>点赞({{ article.up_count }})</a> </div> </div> <hr><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
values_list返回的是一个元组，所以模板中，直接用cate.0就可以取到分类名
刷新网页，效果如下：
我的标签
我的标签和随笔的查询语句是类似的，换一个表名，就可以了！
先在admin后台为不同的用户，添加标签
由于admin后台无法直接将博客表和标签表做对应关系，所以只能手动绑定关系。
使用navicat打开blog_article2tag表
注意：以实际情况为准
修改homesite视图函数，查询我的标签
def homesite(request,username): """ 查询 :param request: :param username: :return: """ # 查询当前站点的用户对象 user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first() if not user: return render(request,"not_found.html") # 查询当前站点对象 blog=user.blog print(blog,type(blog))</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> article_list=Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(cate_list) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(tag_list) dict </span>= {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:blog, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:article_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">cate_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:cate_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:tag_list, } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
刷新网页，查看Pycharm控制台
<QuerySet [('python全栈', 2)]>
修改homesite.html，开始渲染网页
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title><style> *<span style="color: #000000;"> { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .header { </span>100%<span style="color: #000000;">; height: 59px; background</span>-color: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">369;</span>}
.header .title { line</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">height: 59px; color: white; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: lighter; margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">left: 20px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 18px; } .left_region { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; } .info { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; color: darkgray; } h5 a { color: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">105cb6;</span> font-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 14px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: bold; text</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">decoration: underline; } </span></style> <link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">stylesheet</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/js/jquery.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="left_region">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
{% for cate in cate_list %}
<p><a href="">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p>
{% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> tag <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> tag_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ tag.0 }}({{ tag.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> Panel content </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">col-md-9</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> article <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> article_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_item clearfix</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h5><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ article.title }}</a></h5> <div> <span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">small desc </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {{ article.desc }} </span></span> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">info small pull-right</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> 发布于 </span><span>{{ article.create_time|date:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Y-m-d H:i</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> }}</span>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><img src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/img/icon_comment.gif</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> alt=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>><<span style="color: #000000;">a href</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>评论({{ article.comment_count }})</a>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>点赞({{ article.up_count }})</a> </div> </div> <hr><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
刷新网页，效果如下：
注意：如果网页数据没有展示，请一定要查看数据库是否有对应的记录！
日期归档
查看Article表的create_time字段
注意：它的时间后面，有很多小数点。每一条是不一样的，所以不能直接分组，否则没有意义！
要实现这个功能，有3个小知识点：
- 1.dateformat
- 2.extra
- 3.单表分组查询
dateformat
DATE_FORMAT() 函数用于以不同的格式显示日期/时间数据。
每个数据库都有日期/时间 处理的函数，在MySQL中，叫dateformat。SQLite中，叫strftime
举例：
#截取年月日 mysql> select date_format("2018-07-11 06:39:07",'%Y-%m-%d') as date; +------------+ | date | +------------+ | 2018-07-11 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)#截取年月
mysql> select date_format("2018-07-11 06:39:07",'%Y-%m') as date;
+---------+
| date |
+---------+
| 2018-07 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
extra
有些情况下，Django的查询语法难以表达复杂的where子句，对于这种情况, Django 提供了extra()QuerySet修改机制 。它能在QuerySet生成的SQL从句中注入新子句，extra可以指定一个或多个参数,例如select、where或tables。 这些参数都不是必须的，但是至少要使用一个。
语法：
extra(select=None, where=None, params=None,
tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)
select参数
select参数可以在select从句中添加其他字段信息，它应该是一个字典，存放着属性名到 SQL 从句的映射。
举例：
修改homesite视图函数，增加几行代码
def homesite(request,username): """ 查询 :param request: :param username: :return: """ # 查询当前站点的用户对象 user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first() if not user: return render(request,"not_found.html") # 查询当前站点对象 blog=user.blog print(blog,type(blog))</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> article_list=Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(cate_list) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(tag_list) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">测试日期</span> test_date = Article.objects.filter(comment_count=0).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">create_time > '2017-09-05'</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(test_date) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> i <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> test_date: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(i.y_m_date) dict </span>= {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:blog, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:article_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">cate_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:cate_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:tag_list, } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
大概意思就是，查询创建时间大于2017-09-05的记录
刷新网页，查看Pycharm控制台输出：
1
1
1
如果条件成立，返回1。否则返回0
需要注意的是：此时已经给Article表增加一个临时字段y_m_date。它在内存中，每次使用extra查询才会存在！
单表分组查询
查询当前用户的所有文章，根据日期归档
def homesite(request,username): """ 查询 :param request: :param username: :return: """ # 查询当前站点的用户对象 user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first() if not user: return render(request,"not_found.html") # 查询当前站点对象 blog=user.blog print(blog,type(blog))</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> article_list=Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(cate_list) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(tag_list) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">日期归档</span> date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">strftime('%%Y/%%m',create_time)</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}).values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(date_list) dict </span>= {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:blog, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:article_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">cate_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:cate_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:tag_list, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">date_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:date_list, } </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
解释：
SQLite的日期格式化使用strftime，它使用2个%号来区分。
user=user 等式左边的user是Article模型表的user属性，也就是user_id。等式右边的user是UserInfo表的model对象！
刷新页面，查看Pychram控制台输出：
<QuerySet [('2018/07', 4)]>
修改homesite.html，开始渲染网页
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title><style> *<span style="color: #000000;"> { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .header { </span>100%<span style="color: #000000;">; height: 59px; background</span>-color: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">369;</span>}
.header .title { line</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">height: 59px; color: white; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: lighter; margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">left: 20px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 18px; } .left_region { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; } .info { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; color: darkgray; } h5 a { color: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">105cb6;</span> font-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 14px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: bold; text</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">decoration: underline; } </span></style> <link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">stylesheet</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/js/jquery.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="left_region">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
{% for cate in cate_list %}
<p><a href="">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p>
{% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> tag <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> tag_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ tag.0 }}({{ tag.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> date <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> date_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ date.0 }}({{ date.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">col-md-9</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> article <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> article_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_item clearfix</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h5><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ article.title }}</a></h5> <div> <span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">small desc </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {{ article.desc }} </span></span> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">info small pull-right</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> 发布于 </span><span>{{ article.create_time|date:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Y-m-d H:i</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> }}</span>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><img src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/img/icon_comment.gif</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> alt=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>><<span style="color: #000000;">a href</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>评论({{ article.comment_count }})</a>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>点赞({{ article.up_count }})</a> </div> </div> <hr><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
刷新网页，效果如下：
左侧面板添加链接
接下来，需要点击左边的分类、标签、归档，显示相关的文章
访问博客园左侧的分类、标签、归档，方法它有一个规律
标签：
http://www.cnblogs.com/用户名/tag/标签名/
分类：
https://www.cnblogs.com/用户名/category/分类id.html
归档：
https://www.cnblogs.com/用户名/archive/年/月.html
修改urls.py，增加3个路径。注意要导入re_path模块
re_path('(?P<username>w+)/category/(?P<params>.*)', views.homesite), re_path('(?P<username>w+)/tag/(?P<params>.*)', views.homesite), re_path('(?P<username>w+)/achrive/(?P<params>.*)', views.homesite),
仔细观察个人站点网页的布局
发现，点击不同的分类、标签、归档。红色区域和绿色区域始终不变，只有紫色区域在变动。变动区域取决于article_list变量！
那么个人站点首页、分类、标签、归档这4种url可以共用一个视图函数homesite模板以及视图函数。
重新修改urls.py，完整代码如下：
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,re_pathfrom blog import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('login/', views.login),
path('index/', views.index),
path('logout/', views.logout),
path('', views.index),</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 跳转</span> re_path(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">(?P<username>w+)/(?P<condition>category|tag|achrive)/(?P<params>.*)/$</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">, views.homesite), </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 个人站点</span> re_path(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">(?P<username>w+)/$</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">, views.homesite),]
那么问题来了，访问个人站点时，不需要额外的参数。
访问分类/标签/归档 这2个类别是，必须要2个额外的变量。分别是类别、类别参数。
homesite视图函数，如果分别接收呢？答案是，使用**kwargs，它可以接收可变的关键字参数，至少1个或者多个参数！
修改homesite.html，增加一个网页图标，否则待会测试时，会有2次请求。
如果网页没有图标，每次会请求一次网络请求，请求favicon.ico
在title标签下面，增加一行
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://common.cnblogs.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
修改homesite视图函数
def homesite(request,username,**kwargs): """ 查询 :param request: :param username: :return: """ print("kwargs", kwargs)dict = {"blog":blog, "article_list":article_list, "cate_list":cate_list, "tag_list":tag_list, "date_list":date_list, }</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点的用户对象</span> user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=<span style="color: #000000;">username).first() </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">not_found.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点对象</span> blog=<span style="color: #000000;">user.blog </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> article_list=Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(cate_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(tag_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">日期归档</span> date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">strftime('%%Y/%%m',create_time)</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}).values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(date_list)</span></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
访问个人站点： http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/
Pycharm控制台输出：kwargs {}
访问个人分类python： http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/category/python/
Pycharm控制台输出：kwargs {'params': 'python/', 'condition': 'category'}
访问个人标签： http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/tag/python全栈/
Pycharm控制台输出：kwargs {'params': 'python全栈/', 'condition': 'tag'}
访问个人归档： http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/achrive/2018/07
Pycharm控制台输出：kwargs {'params': '2018/07', 'condition': 'achrive'}
注意：要带上用户名，否则出现404错误
那么，只需要判断kwargs变量，就可以区分了！
修改homesite视图函数
def homesite(request,username,**kwargs): """ 查询 :param request: :param username: :return: """ print("kwargs", kwargs)dict = {"blog":blog, "article_list":article_list, "cate_list":cate_list, "tag_list":tag_list, "date_list":date_list, "username":username, }</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点的用户对象</span> user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=<span style="color: #000000;">username).first() </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">not_found.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点对象</span> blog=<span style="color: #000000;">user.blog </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> kwargs: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: condition </span>= kwargs.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">condition</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) params </span>= kwargs.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">params</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">判断分类、随笔、归档</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> condition == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">category</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(category__title=<span style="color: #000000;">params) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> condition == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(tags__title=<span style="color: #000000;">params) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: year, month </span>= params.split(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(create_time__year=<span style="color: #000000;">year, create_time__month</span>=<span style="color: #000000;">month) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(cate_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(tag_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">日期归档</span> date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">strftime('%%Y/%%m',create_time)</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}).values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(date_list)</span></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,dict)</pre>
修改homesite.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://common.cnblogs.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/><style> *<span style="color: #000000;"> { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .header { </span>100%<span style="color: #000000;">; height: 59px; background</span>-color: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">369;</span>}
.header .title { line</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">height: 59px; color: white; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: lighter; margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">left: 20px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 18px; } .left_region { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; } .info { margin</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">top: 10px; color: darkgray; } h5 a { color: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">105cb6;</span> font-<span style="color: #000000;">size: 14px; font</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">weight: bold; text</span>-<span style="color: #000000;">decoration: underline; } </span></style> <link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">stylesheet</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/js/jquery.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="left_region">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
{% for cate in cate_list %}
<p><a href="/{{ username }}/category/{{ cate.0 }}">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p>
{% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> tag <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> tag_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/tag/{{ tag.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ tag.0 }}({{ tag.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> date <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> date_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/achrive/{{ date.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ date.0 }}({{ date.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">col-md-9</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> article <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> article_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_item clearfix</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h5><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ article.title }}</a></h5> <div> <span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">small desc </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {{ article.desc }} </span></span> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">info small pull-right</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> 发布于 </span><span>{{ article.create_time|date:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Y-m-d H:i</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> }}</span>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><img src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/img/icon_comment.gif</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> alt=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>><<span style="color: #000000;">a href</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>评论({{ article.comment_count }})</a>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>点赞({{ article.up_count }})</a> </div> </div> <hr><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
访问个人站点：http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/
效果如下：
主题切换
查看blog_blog表，有2条记录
theme对应主题的css文件
在homesite.html中的style标签定义了一些样式。现在需要分离出来！
每一个用户有自己的标题颜色，比如xiao用默认的蓝色，zhang用绿色
在static中新建css目录，在css中新建文件夹theme，新建3个css文件，其中common.css是公共样式！
common.css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.header {
100%;
height: 59px;
background-color: #369;
}
.header .title {
line-height: 59px;
color: white;
font-weight: lighter;
margin-left: 20px;
font-size: 18px;
}
.left_region {
margin-top: 10px;
}
.info {
margin-top: 10px;
color: darkgray;
}
h5 a {
color: #105cb6;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: underline;
}
xiao.css
.header { 100%; height: 59px; background-color: #369; }
zhang.css
.header { 100%; height: 59px; background-color: green; }
修改homesite.html，修改head部分，完整代码如下：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://common.cnblogs.com/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> {#公共样式#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme/common.css"> {#个人站点主题样式#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme/{{ blog.theme }}"><link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">stylesheet</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/js/jquery.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script> <script src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></script></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="left_region">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
{% for cate in cate_list %}
<p><a href="/{{ username }}/category/{{ cate.0 }}">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p>
{% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> tag <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> tag_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/tag/{{ tag.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ tag.0 }}({{ tag.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> date <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> date_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/achrive/{{ date.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ date.0 }}({{ date.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">col-md-9</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> article <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> article_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_item clearfix</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h5><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>{{ article.title }}</a></h5> <div> <span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">small desc </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {{ article.desc }} </span></span> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">info small pull-right</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> 发布于 </span><span>{{ article.create_time|date:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Y-m-d H:i</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> }}</span>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><img src=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/static/img/icon_comment.gif</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> alt=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>><<span style="color: #000000;">a href</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>评论({{ article.comment_count }})</a>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp; </span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>点赞({{ article.up_count }})</a> </div> </div> <hr><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
使用谷歌浏览器登录xiao的用户，进入个人主页
使用火狐浏览器登录zhang的用户
进入个人主页，发现标题颜色没有换过来
进入admin后台，点击users表，找到zhang用户，发现它没有绑定个人站点。
因为使用命令创建用户时，blog_id字段，默认为空！
手动绑定一下
再次刷新页面，效果如下：
文章详情
由于文章详情页，功能繁多，必须专门做一个视图才行。
修改urls.py，增加路径article_detail
urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('login/', views.login), path('index/', views.index), path('logout/', views.logout), path('', views.index),</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">文章详情</span> re_path(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">(?P<username>w+)/articles/(?P<article_id>d+)/$</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">, views.article_detail), </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 跳转</span> re_path(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">(?P<username>w+)/(?P<condition>category|tag|achrive)/(?P<params>.*)/$</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">, views.homesite), </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 个人站点</span> re_path(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">(?P<username>w+)/$</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">, views.homesite),]
由于文章详情页的左测和标题部分是通用的，需要用到模板继承
模板继承
新建base.html，将homesite.html的代码复制过来，删除多余的部分。增加block
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> {#公共样式#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme/common.css"> {#个人站点主题样式#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme/{{ blog.theme }}"> {#bootstrap#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css"> <script src="/static/js/jquery.js"></script> <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script><link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">shortcut icon</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">https://common.cnblogs.com/favicon.ico</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">image/x-icon</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> /></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="left_region">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
{% for cate in cate_list %}
<p><a href="/{{ username }}/category/{{ cate.0 }}">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p>
{% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> tag <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> tag_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/tag/{{ tag.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ tag.0 }}({{ tag.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> date <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> date_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/achrive/{{ date.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ date.0 }}({{ date.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">col-md-9</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% block content %<span style="color: #000000;">} {</span>% endblock %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
修改homesite.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="article_list">
{% for article in article_list %}
<div class="article_item clearfix">
<h5><a href="/{{ username }}/articles/{{ article.pk }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h5>
<div>
<span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">small desc </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;">
{{ article.desc }}
</span></span>
</div>
<div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">info small pull-right</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;">
发布于 </span><span>{{ article.create_time|date:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Y-m-d H:i</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span> }}</span>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp;
</span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-comment</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>评论({{ article.comment_count }})</a>&nbsp;&<span style="color: #000000;">nbsp;
</span><span <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>></span><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">""</span>>点赞({{ article.up_count }})</a>
</div>
</div>
<hr><span style="color: #000000;">
{</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">}
</span></div><span style="color: #000000;">
{% endblock %}
增加article_detail.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
</span><div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
<h4 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">text-center</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ article_obj.title }}</h4>
<div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">content</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;">
{{ article_obj.content }}
</span></div>
</div><span style="color: #000000;">
{% endblock %}
修改article_detail视图函数
def article_detail(request,username,article_id): user = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first() # 查询当前站点对象 blog = user.blogdict = {"blog": blog, "article_obj": article_obj, "cate_list": cate_list, "tag_list": tag_list, "date_list": date_list, "username": username, }</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询指定id的文章</span> article_obj=Article.objects.filter(pk=<span style="color: #000000;">article_id).first() </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(cate_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(tag_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 日期归档</span> date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">strftime('%%Y/%%m',create_time)</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}).values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(date_list)</span></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_detail.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>,dict)</pre>
刷新网页，点击左侧的一个分类，效果如下：
点击右边的一篇文章
关于内容部分，为什么是html标签。这些暂时不处理，后面会讲到如何处理！
查看article_detail和homesite 这2个视图函数，有重复的代码。在编程的过程中，最好不要出现重复代码，怎么办呢？使用函数封装！
函数封装
修改views.py，增加函数get_query_data。删掉article_detail和homesite 这2个视图函数中的重复代码，完整代码如下：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.contrib import auth from blog.models import Article,UserInfo,Blog,Category,Tag from django.db.models import Sum,Avg,Max,Min,Count # Create your views here. def login(request):</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.method==<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: user</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) pwd</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">pwd</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 用户验证成功,返回user对象,否则返回None</span> user=auth.authenticate(username=user,password=<span style="color: #000000;">pwd) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 登录,注册session</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 全局变量 request.user=当前登陆对象(session中)</span>auth.login(request,user)
return redirect("/index/")</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)def index(request):
article_list=Article.objects.all()
return render(request,"index.html",{"article_list":article_list})def logout(request): # 注销
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/index/")def get_query_data(request,username):
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
# 查询当前站点对象
blog = user.blogdict = {"blog": blog, "cate_list": cate_list, "tag_list": tag_list, "date_list": date_list, "username": username, }</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 随笔分类</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(cate_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 我的标签</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(tag_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 日期归档</span> date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">strftime('%%Y/%%m',create_time)</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}).values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(date_list)</span></span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> dict <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">返回字典</span>def homesite(request,username,**kwargs):
"""
查询
:param request:
:param username:
:return:
"""
print("kwargs", kwargs)</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点的用户对象</span> user=UserInfo.objects.filter(username=<span style="color: #000000;">username).first() </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">not_found.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点对象</span> blog=<span style="color: #000000;">user.blog </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> kwargs: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: condition </span>= kwargs.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">condition</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) params </span>= kwargs.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">params</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">判断分类、随笔、归档</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> condition == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">category</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(category__title=<span style="color: #000000;">params) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> condition == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(tags__title=<span style="color: #000000;">params) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: year, month </span>= params.split(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(create_time__year=<span style="color: #000000;">year, create_time__month</span>=<span style="color: #000000;">month) dict </span>= get_query_data(request,username) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">调用函数</span> dict[<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>] = article_list <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 增加一个key</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">,dict)def article_detail(request,username,article_id):
content_text = get_query_data(request,username) #调用函数
#查询指定id的文章
article_obj = Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).first()
content_text['article_obj'] = article_obj # 增加一个key<span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_detail.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>,content_text)</pre>
注意：get_query_data必须要在2个视图函数的上面，否则无法调用！
重新访问网页，效果如下：
封装函数，有一个局限性，如果新增变量，需要增加字典key-value。由于继承模板时，变量是不会继承的。所以引用的视图函数，必须重新传值才可以渲染。那么可不可以，将模板和数据包装成一个模板，作为一个整体。其他模板继承时，就是一个已经渲染过的模板呢？
答案是有的，那就是inclusion_tag
包含标签(Inclusion tags)
Django过滤器和标签功能很强大，而且支持自定义标签，很是方便；其中一种标签是Inclusion tags，即包含标签
包含标签（Inclusion tags）通过渲染其他的模板来展示内容，这类标签的用途在于一些相似的内容的展示，并且返回的内容是渲染其他模板得到的内容。
自定义标签必须在应用名目录下创建templatetags目录。注意：此目录名必须叫这个名字，不可改变。
在templatetags目录下，创建my_tags.py，这个文件名，是可以随便的
先来增加一个乘法的标签
from django import templateregister=template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def mul_tag(x,y):</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> x*y</pre>
修改article_detail.html，调用这个自定义标签
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
{% load my_tags %}
<p>{% mul_tag 2 7 %}</p>
<div class="article_info">
<h4 class="text-center">{{ article_obj.title }}</h4>
<div class="content">
{{ article_obj.content }}
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
必须重启django项目，否则模板无法引用自定义标签！
必须重启django项目，否则模板无法引用自定义标签！
必须重启django项目，否则模板无法引用自定义标签！
随便访问一篇文章，出现一个14，说明调用成功了
那么这个my_tags，如何渲染左侧的分类，标签，归档呢？
新建标签get_query_data，必须返回一个字典
将视图函数中的相关代码，复制过来即可。
from django import templateregister=template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def mul_tag(x,y):</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> x*<span style="color: #000000;">yfrom blog.models import Category,Tag,Article,UserInfo
from django.db.models import Count,Avg,Max@register.inclusion_tag("left_region.html")
def get_query_data(username):
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
# 查询当前站点对象
blog = user.blog</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点每一个分类的名称以及对应的文章数</span> cate_list = Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(cate_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前站点每一个标签的名称以及对应的文章数</span> tag_list = Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 日期归档</span> date_list = Article.objects.filter(user=user).extra(select={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">strftime('%%Y/%%m',create_time)</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}).values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>).annotate(c=Count(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>)).values_list(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">y_m_date</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(date_list)</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> {<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:blog,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">username</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:username,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">cate_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:cate_list,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:tag_list,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">date_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:date_list}</pre>
@register.inclusion_tag("left_region.html") 表示将返回结果渲染给left_region.html
如果在模板中有调用left_redig.html，那么这个文件，就会渲染，是渲染后的html文件！
在templates中新建文件left_region.html
<div class="left_region"> <div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">随笔分类</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> {% for cate in cate_list %} <p><a href="/{{ username }}/category/{{ cate.0 }}">{{ cate.0 }}({{ cate.1 }})</a></p> {% endfor %}</span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-warning</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>我的标签</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> tag <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> tag_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/tag/{{ tag.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ tag.0 }}({{ tag.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel panel-info</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-heading</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>> <h3 <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>日期归档</h3> </div> <div <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">panel-body</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> date <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> date_list %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span><p><a href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/{{ username }}/achrive/{{ date.0 }}</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>{{ date.0 }}({{ date.1 }})</a></p><span style="color: #000000;"> {</span>% endfor %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div></div>
修改base.html，将<div class="col-md-3"></div> 中的内容部分，改为引用get_query_data标签
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> {#公共样式#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme/common.css"> {#个人站点主题样式#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/theme/{{ blog.theme }}"> {#bootstrap#} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css"> <script src="/static/js/jquery.js"></script> <script src="/static/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script><link rel=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">shortcut icon</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> href=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">https://common.cnblogs.com/favicon.ico</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">image/x-icon</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>/></head>
<body>
<div class="header">
<p class="title">{{ blog.title }}</p>
</div><div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
{#加载自定义标签模块#}
{% load my_tags %}
{#调用get_query_data标签,它返回left_region.html,是已经被渲染过的文件#}
{% get_query_data username %}
</div>
<div class="col-md-9">{</span>% block content %<span style="color: #000000;">} {</span>% endblock %<span style="color: #000000;">} </span></div> </div></div>
</body>
</html>
此时刷新网页，效果同上!
修改views.py中的视图函数，删除get_query_data！
删除homesite和article_detail两个视图函数多余的代码
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.contrib import auth from blog.models import Article,UserInfo,Blog,Category,Tag from django.db.models import Sum,Avg,Max,Min,Count # Create your views here. def login(request):</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> request.method==<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: user</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">user</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) pwd</span>=request.POST.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">pwd</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 用户验证成功,返回user对象,否则返回None</span> user=auth.authenticate(username=user,password=<span style="color: #000000;">pwd) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 登录,注册session</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 全局变量 request.user=当前登陆对象(session中)</span>auth.login(request,user)
return redirect("/index/")</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">login.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">)def index(request):
article_list=Article.objects.all()
return render(request,"index.html",{"article_list":article_list})def logout(request): # 注销
auth.logout(request)
return redirect("/index/")def query_current_site(request,username): # 查询当前站点的博客标题
# 查询当前站点的用户对象
user = UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
if not user:
return render(request, "not_found.html")
# 查询当前站点对象
blog = user.blog
return blogdef homesite(request,username,**kwargs):
"""
查询
:param request:
:param username:
:return:
"""
print("kwargs", kwargs)blog </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> query_current_site(request,username) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 查询当前用户发布的所有文章</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> kwargs: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=<span style="color: #000000;">username) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: condition </span>= kwargs.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">condition</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) params </span>= kwargs.get(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">params</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">判断分类、随笔、归档</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> condition == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">category</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(category__title=<span style="color: #000000;">params) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elif</span> condition == <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">tag</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">: article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(tags__title=<span style="color: #000000;">params) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: year, month </span>= params.split(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">/</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) article_list </span>= Article.objects.filter(user__username=username).filter(create_time__year=<span style="color: #000000;">year, create_time__month</span>=<span style="color: #000000;">month) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">homesite.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,{<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:blog,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">username</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:username,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_list</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:article_list})def article_detail(request,username,article_id):
blog = query_current_site(request,username)</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">查询指定id的文章</span> article_obj = Article.objects.filter(pk=<span style="color: #000000;">article_id).first() </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> render(request,<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_detail.html</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>,{<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">blog</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:blog,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">username</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:username,<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">article_obj</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:article_obj})</pre>
注意：get_query_data标签只是定义了左侧的标签！那么homesite和article_detail两个视图函数，需要知道当前站点的博客标题。
所以需要专门定义个函数，来获取博客标题！
修改article_detail.html，删除测试的自定义标签
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="article_info">
<h4 class="text-center">{{ article_obj.title }}</h4>
<div class="content">
{{ article_obj.content }}
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
重新访问个人站点，随便乱点，效果同上！
Inclusion tags的优点：
1.不用在视图函数中return字典
2.数据和样式结合在一起，返回一个渲染后的html
详情页显示html代码问题
访问一篇博客详情，比如：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/xiao/articles/5/
效果如下：
那么django响应给浏览器的，真的是原来的html代码吗？
修改id为5的文章记录，修改content字段的数据，先备份一下，改成一个h1标签。
刷新网页，效果如下：
打开浏览器控制台-->network，查看这次请求的响应体
发现代码被转义了！那么是谁转义了呢？当然是....
注意：这不是浏览器的锅，是django转义的，这是它的安全策略做的。遇到html或者js代码，会自动转义！
那么我们不要django转义呢？使用safe过滤器即可！
修改article_detail.html中的代码
{{ article_obj.content|safe }}
重新刷新页面，效果如下：
注意：这样有一个安全隐患！
举例：将内容修改为一段js代码
重新刷新页面，它会有一个提示框
注意：它只会弹一次。如果是下面这段代码呢？
<script>for (var i = 0; i < 99999; i++) {alert("hello");}</script>
数据库记录如下：
刷新页面试试？不用想了，你今天啥事不用干，疯狂的点击吧！
那么既要网页安全，又需要网站展示真实的内容，怎么办呢？
答案就是：数据库不存储html代码即可！存html和js代码时，需要做特殊处理。
后面讲到富文本编辑器，会讲到。完美解决这个问题！
参考资料：
转载声明：
作者：肖祥
出处： https://www.cnblogs.com/xiao987334176/