在商城系统中使用设计模式----策略模式之在spring中使用观察者模式和发布/订阅

1.概念:

观察者模式:

  是属于设计者模式中的一种,一个目标对象管理所有相依于它的观察者对象,并且在它本身的状态改变时主动发出通知。

发布/订阅:

  是一种消息范式,消息的发送者(称为发布者)不会将消息直接发送给特定的接收者(称为订阅者),而是通过调度器将消息发布给订阅者。

2.区别:下图明显可以看出发布/订阅比观察者模式中多了一层中间信道,

  

  • Observer模式中,O bservers知道Subject,同时Subject还保留了Observers的记录然而,在发布者/订阅者中,发布者和订阅者不需要彼此了解他们只是在消息队列或代理的帮助下进行通信。
  • Publisher / Subscriber模式中,组件是松散耦合的,而不是Observer模式
  • 观察者模式主要以同步方式实现,即当某些事件发生时,Subject调用其所有观察者的适当方法。发行者/订户图案在一个实施大多异步方式(使用消息队列)。
  • 观察者模式需要在单个应用程序地址空间中实现。另一方面,发布者/订阅者模式更像是跨应用程序模式。

3.使用场景:

  当用户下单成功后,要执行 修改订单状态,分佣,通知店主发货。

4.实现一:观察者模式:

 (1)  java.util包提供了对该模式的支持,提供了Observer(观察者)方法和Obervable(被观察者)方法。

package java.util;

public interface Observer {
    /**
   * 每当观察对象发生变化时,都会调用此方法。
     *
     * @param   o     the observable object.
     * @param   arg   an argument passed to the <code>notifyObservers</code>
     *                 method.
     */
    void update(Observable o, Object arg);
}
package java.util;


public class Observable {
    private boolean changed = false;
    private Vector<Observer> obs;

    /** Construct an Observable with zero Observers. */
    public Observable() {
        obs = new Vector<>();
    }

    /**
     *  添加观察者
     * @param   o   an observer to be added.
     * @throws NullPointerException   if the parameter o is null.
     */
    public synchronized void addObserver(Observer o) {
        if (o == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!obs.contains(o)) {
            obs.addElement(o);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除观察者
     * @param   o   the observer to be deleted.
     */
    public synchronized void deleteObserver(Observer o) {
        obs.removeElement(o);
    }

    /**    
   * 方法被调用的时候 * 通知观察者 * * @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged() * @see java.util.Observable#hasChanged() * @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object) */ public void notifyObservers() { notifyObservers(null); } /** * 通知观察者*/ public void notifyObservers(Object arg) { /* * a temporary array buffer, used as a snapshot of the state of * current Observers. */ Object[] arrLocal; synchronized (this) { /*
        * 同步保证在通知的时候,此资源不被其他所占用,避免发生在这个时候观察者发生变化
        *
*/ if (!changed) return; arrLocal = obs.toArray(); clearChanged(); } for (int i = arrLocal.length-1; i>=0; i--) ((Observer)arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg); } /** * Clears the observer list so that this object no longer has any observers. */ public synchronized void deleteObservers() { obs.removeAllElements(); } /** * Marks this <tt>Observable</tt> object as having been changed; the * <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>true</tt>. */ protected synchronized void setChanged() { changed = true; } /** * Indicates that this object has no longer changed, or that it has * already notified all of its observers of its most recent change, * so that the <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>false</tt>. * This method is called automatically by the * <code>notifyObservers</code> methods. * * @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers() * @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers(java.lang.Object) */ protected synchronized void clearChanged() { changed = false; } /** * Tests if this object has changed. * * @return <code>true</code> if and only if the <code>setChanged</code> * method has been called more recently than the * <code>clearChanged</code> method on this object; * <code>false</code> otherwise. * @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged() * @see java.util.Observable#setChanged() */ public synchronized boolean hasChanged() { return changed; } /** * Returns the number of observers of this <tt>Observable</tt> object. * * @return the number of observers of this object. */ public synchronized int countObservers() { return obs.size(); } }

  (2)被观察者继承Observable类。

import java.util.Observable;

/**
 * @description:被观察者
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-03 23:01
 **/
public class PayObservable extends Observable {



    @Override
    public void notifyObservers() {
        System.out.println("有人下单啦");
        setChanged();
        super.notifyObservers();
    }
}

(3)观察者继承Observer接口

/**
 * @description:佣金观察者
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-03 22:55
 **/
public class CommissionObserver implements Observer {

    public CommissionObserver(Observable observable){
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        System.out.println("大家注意了,有傻逼下单了,我要开始分佣金了");
    }
}
package com.chen.observer;

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

/**
 * @description:消息观察者
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-03 22:50
 **/
public class MsgObserver implements Observer {

    public MsgObserver(Observable observable){
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        System.out.println("管理员,有人下单啦。");
    }
}
package com.chen.observer;

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

/**
 * @description:订单观察者
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-03 22:49
 **/
public class OrderObserver implements Observer {

    public OrderObserver(Observable observable){
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        System.out.println("赶紧把订单改成已支付");
    }
}

(4)调用入口

/**
 * @description:当用户下单成功后,要执行 修改订单状态,分佣,通知店主发货
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-03 22:34
 **/
public class ObserverMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        PayObservable payObservable = new PayObservable();

        new CommissionObserver(payObservable);
        new MsgObserver(payObservable);
        new OrderObserver(payObservable);

        payObservable.notifyObservers();
    }
}

执行结果:

源码地址:商城中的观察者模式

实现二:发布/订阅

springboot有提供一些支持发布/订阅模式的基本类,我们如图只需关心,发布者发布事件,订阅者接收事件。不会去理会事件通道如何广播通知。

(1)springboot提供的基础类:

package org.springframework.context;

import java.util.EventObject;

/**
 * 所有应用程序事件都要扩展的类。
* 发布者将此事件发布出去,订阅者根据事件类型去判断,进行业务处理
*/ public abstract class ApplicationEvent extends EventObject { /** use serialVersionUID from Spring 1.2 for interoperability. */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 7099057708183571937L; /** System time when the event happened. */ private final long timestamp; /** * Create a new ApplicationEvent. * @param source the object on which the event initially occurred (never {@code null}) */ public ApplicationEvent(Object source) { super(source); this.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); } /** * Return the system time in milliseconds when the event happened. */ public final long getTimestamp() { return this.timestamp; } }
package org.springframework.context;

import java.util.EventListener;

/**
* 订阅者继承此接口 
* 应用程序事件侦听器实现的接口 * 继承此接口的类,要注入到spring容器中,交给bean工厂进行管理,这样在广播到时候,才能接收到信息*/ @FunctionalInterface public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener { /** * 接收到事件后进行处理 */ void onApplicationEvent(E event); }
package org.springframework.context;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.Aware;


/**
* spring容器包装接口
* 发布者继承此接口,调用容器中publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event)方法,发布事件。
*/ public interface ApplicationContextAware extends Aware { /** * 设置spring容器到此处*/ void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException; }

(2)支付事件继承ApplicationEvent类。

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;

/**
 * @description:支付事件,有人支付了订单
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-21 10:26
 **/
public class PayEvent extends ApplicationEvent {

    public PayEvent(Object source) {
        super(source);
        System.out.println("MsgEvent:"+source.toString());
    }
}

(3)订阅者继承ApplicationListener接口

/**
 * @description:佣金监听器
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-21 23:50
 **/
@Component
public class CommissionListener implements ApplicationListener {

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
        if (event instanceof PayEvent){
            System.out.println("有人下单,开始分佣啦");
        }
        System.out.println("收到广播:MsgListener");
    }
}
/**
 * @description:信息监听器
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-21 09:57
 **/
@Component
public class MsgListener  implements ApplicationListener {

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent applicationEvent) {
        if (applicationEvent instanceof PayEvent){
            System.out.println("通知管理员,有人下单了");
        }
        System.out.println("收到广播:MsgListener");
    }
}
/**
 * @description: 订单监听器
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-21 23:48
 **/
@Component
public class OrderListener implements ApplicationListener {

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
        if (event instanceof PayEvent){
            System.out.println("把订单状态改成已支付");
        }
        System.out.println("收到广播:OrderListener");
    }
}

(4)事件发布者继承ApplicationContextAware

/**
 * @description:发布者
 * @author: Chen
 * @create: 2019-04-21 10:28
 **/
@Component
public class EventPublisher implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;


    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext=applicationContext;
    }

    public void publishEvent(ApplicationEvent event){
        applicationContext.publishEvent(event);
    }
}

(5)测试入口

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private EventPublisher eventListener;

    @RequestMapping("pay")
    public String pay(){
        PayEvent payEvent = new PayEvent("订单支付成功。");
        eventListener.publishEvent(payEvent);
        return "success";
    }

}

结果:

源码:springboot中的发布/订阅范式 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/boychen/p/10747791.html